Effect of Preparation Method on ZrO2-Based Catalysts Performance for Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Catalytic Performance
2.2. Textural Properties
2.3. Powder XRD Measurements
2.4. H2-TPR Analysis
2.5. Hydroxyl Groups on Different Catalysts
2.6. In Situ DRIFTS Analysis
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Catalyst Preparation
3.2. Catalyst Characterization
3.3. Catalyst Evaluation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | T (°C) | P (MPa) | CO/H2 | GHSV (h−1) | Isobutanol (wt%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
K-Zn1Cr1 [6] | 400 | 10 | 2.5 | 3000 | 15.99 |
Cr/ZnO-K [7] | 400 | 10 | 2.3 | 3000 | 15.58 |
K-Zn1Cr1 (pH = 2) [8] | 400 | 10 | 2.5 | 3000 | 24.2 |
Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/30% ACFs [9] | 320 | 4 | 2 | 3900 | 19.88 |
K-CuZrAl [10] | 400 | 10 | 2.7 | 5000 | 17.7 |
K-ZrO2 [12] | 420 | 10 | 2.1 | 5000 | 15.1 |
Li-Pd-ZrO2 [13] | 400 | 8 | 2 | 15,000 | 23.1 |
K-CuLaZrO2 [14] | 360 | 10 | 2.5 | 3000 | 32.8 |
Catalysts | CO Conv. (%) | Alc. STY (g·L−1·h−1) | Selectivity (C-atom%) | Alc. Distribution (wt%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alc. | CHx | CO2 | DME | C1 | C2 | C3 | i-C4 | C4+ | |||
E-ZrO2 | 10.9 | 34 | 14.5 | 84.9 | 0 | 0.6 | 94.6 | 4.2 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0 |
E-KCZ | 37.7 | 144 | 25.5 | 37.9 | 33.5 | 3.1 | 90.0 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 4.7 | 0.2 |
E-KCZ a | 14.5 | 284 | 40.1 | 29.7 | 28.7 | 1.5 | 92.9 | 2.8 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 0.1 |
A-ZrO2 | 13.2 | 24 | 19.6 | 79.8 | 0 | 0.6 | 97.2 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0 |
A-KCZ | 41.2 | 195 | 42.3 | 31.1 | 25.4 | 1.2 | 78.8 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 15.0 | 1.4 |
A-KCZ a | 16.8 | 315 | 56.2 | 24.6 | 18.2 | 1.0 | 86.0 | 2.2 | 0.9 | 10.2 | 0.7 |
Catalysts | Pore Diameter, nm | Pore Volume, cm3g−1 | ABET, m2g−1 | SCu (m2/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
E-ZrO2 a | 5.80 | 0.62 | 424.66 | - |
A-ZrO2 a | 9.10 | 0.71 | 309.87 | - |
E-KCZ a | 6.91 | 0.55 | 315.69 | 11.6 |
A-KCZ a | 9.66 | 0.59 | 243.59 | 11.3 |
E-ZrO2 b | 5.65 | 0.63 | 430.85 | - |
A-ZrO2 b | 9.01 | 0.77 | 313.54 | - |
E-KCZ b | 6.88 | 0.55 | 320.80 | - |
A-KCZ b | 9.89 | 0.68 | 273.24 | - |
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Wu, Y.; Tan, L.; Zhang, T.; Xie, H.; Yang, G.; Tsubaki, N.; Chen, J. Effect of Preparation Method on ZrO2-Based Catalysts Performance for Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas. Catalysts 2019, 9, 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090752
Wu Y, Tan L, Zhang T, Xie H, Yang G, Tsubaki N, Chen J. Effect of Preparation Method on ZrO2-Based Catalysts Performance for Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas. Catalysts. 2019; 9(9):752. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090752
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Yingquan, Li Tan, Tao Zhang, Hongjuan Xie, Guohui Yang, Noritatsu Tsubaki, and Jiangang Chen. 2019. "Effect of Preparation Method on ZrO2-Based Catalysts Performance for Isobutanol Synthesis from Syngas" Catalysts 9, no. 9: 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090752