Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CECs Detected in Secondary Effluent Samples
2.2. Removal of CECs in Semi-Batch Experiments
2.3. Continuous Flow Experiments
2.3.1. Characterization of the Immobilized Photocatalyst
2.3.2. Removal of CECs
2.4. Kinetic Modelling Aspects
Direct Ozonation as the Main Oxidation Pathway of CEC
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Wastewater Effluents
3.2. Photocatalysts
3.3. Experimental Set-Up and Procedures
3.4. Analytical Methods
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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No. | COMPOUND | Concentration (ng·L−1) | |
---|---|---|---|
WW1 | WW2 | ||
1 | Bezafibrate | 61 ± 1 | 7.1 ± 0.4 |
2 | Carbamazepine | 1284 ± 225 | 1222 ± 278 |
3 | Ciprofloxacin | 4287 ± 1208 | 138 ± 74 |
4 | Clarithromycin | 758 ± 31 | 94 ± 4 |
5 | Clopidogrel | <MQL | <MQL |
6 | Diclofenac | 1528 ± 17 | 1268 ± 67 |
7 | Fluoxetine | 62 ± 193 | 257 ± 51 |
8 | Isoproturon | 61 ± 7 | 1827 ± 219 |
9 | Metoprolol | 209 ± 13 | 187 ± 22 |
10 | Propranolol | 173 ± 40 | 61 ± 14 |
11 | Tramadol | 1233 ± 40 | 3439 ± 727 |
12 | Venlafaxine | 628 ± 555 | 1647 ± 359 |
No. | COMPOUND | Rate Constants (M−1s−1) | HaD × 104 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
kD | Ref. | kHO × 10−9 | Ref. | WW1 | WW2 | ||
1 | Bezafibrate | 4.2 × 103 | [21] | 7.9 | [23] | 0.3 | 0.11 |
2 | Carbamazepine | 3.0 × 105 | [23] | 8.8 | [23] | 15.6 | 15.2 |
3 | Ciprofloxacin | 1.9 × 104 | [24] | 4.1 | [24] | 6.1 | 1.1 |
4 | Clarithromycin | 4.0 × 104 | [25] | 5.0 | [25] | 2.5 | 0.9 |
5 | Clopidogrel | unknown | unknown | n.d.* | n.d.* | ||
6 | Diclofenac | 3.0 × 106 | [23] | 7.5 | [23] | 48.2 | 43.9 |
7 | Fluoxetine | 3.2 × 104 | [26] | 9.6 | [27] | 1.0 | 2.0 |
8 | Isoproturon | 2.2 × 103 | [28] | 7.9 | [28] | 0.3 | 1.7 |
9 | Metoprolol | 1.4 × 103 | [29] | 6.8 | [29] | 0.4 | 0.4 |
10 | Propranolol | 1.0 × 105 | [30] | 10.0 | [30] | 3.4 | 1.9 |
11 | Tramadol | 4.0 × 103 | [25] | 6.3 | [25] | 1.7 | 2.8 |
12 | Venlafaxine | 8.5 × 103 | [25] | 10.0 | [25] | 1.7 | 2.8 |
Compounds | kT-O3 (M−1·s−1) | kT-O3/LED (M−1·s−1) | kT-O3/LED/P25 (M−1·s−1) |
---|---|---|---|
Ciprofloxacin | 730 | 376 | - |
Metoprolol | 85 | 119 | 69 |
Propranolol | 739 | 154 | 226 |
Venlafaxine | 2173 | 1465 | 1750 |
kLa Values (s−1) | O3/LED | O3/LED/P25R | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
kd (s−1) | HaI × 103 | kd (s−1) | HaI × 102 | |
0.005 | 1.0 × 10−3 | 1.2 | 3.2 × 10−2 | 0.7 |
0.063 | 1.7 × 10−2 | 5.0 | 0.40 | 2.5 |
0.12 | 3.3 × 10−2 | 7.0 | 0.77 | 3.4 |
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Chávez, A.M.; Ribeiro, A.R.; Moreira, N.F.F.; Silva, A.M.T.; Rey, A.; Álvarez, P.M.; Beltrán, F.J. Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation. Catalysts 2019, 9, 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050472
Chávez AM, Ribeiro AR, Moreira NFF, Silva AMT, Rey A, Álvarez PM, Beltrán FJ. Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation. Catalysts. 2019; 9(5):472. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050472
Chicago/Turabian StyleChávez, Ana M., Ana R. Ribeiro, Nuno F. F. Moreira, Adrián M. T. Silva, Ana Rey, Pedro M. Álvarez, and Fernando J. Beltrán. 2019. "Removal of Organic Micropollutants from a Municipal Wastewater Secondary Effluent by UVA-LED Photocatalytic Ozonation" Catalysts 9, no. 5: 472. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9050472