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Catalysts
Volume 16
Issue 5
10.3390/catal16050471
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Review

Recent Advances in Cellular Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols

by
Jiayi Yang
,
Siyang Liu
and
Junfeng Liu
*
College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2026, 16(5), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16050471
Submission received: 14 April 2026 / Revised: 7 May 2026 / Accepted: 18 May 2026 / Published: 19 May 2026
(This article belongs to the Section Biocatalysis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are essential energy reservoirs and industrial raw materials, while structured TAGs (STAGs) with tailored fatty acid distributions possess unique nutritional and functional values but low natural abundance. Enzymatic synthesis is strictly limited by feedstock and cost, making microbial de novo synthesis via metabolic engineering a promising alternative. This review summarizes advances in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and its regulation, key enzymes in TAG synthesis (GPAT, LPAAT, and DGAT), and microbial production of major STAGs (OPO, MLM, CBEs, and PUFA-rich STAGs). Current challenges and future perspectives are also discussed, promoting the shift toward rational design of functional STAGs.
Keywords: structured TAGs; acyltransferase; fatty acid; cellular synthesis structured TAGs; acyltransferase; fatty acid; cellular synthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, J.; Liu, S.; Liu, J. Recent Advances in Cellular Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols. Catalysts 2026, 16, 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16050471

AMA Style

Yang J, Liu S, Liu J. Recent Advances in Cellular Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols. Catalysts. 2026; 16(5):471. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16050471

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Jiayi, Siyang Liu, and Junfeng Liu. 2026. "Recent Advances in Cellular Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols" Catalysts 16, no. 5: 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16050471

APA Style

Yang, J., Liu, S., & Liu, J. (2026). Recent Advances in Cellular Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols. Catalysts, 16(5), 471. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal16050471

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