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Volume 14
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10.3390/catal14060392
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Article

Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium

by
Muhammad Saeed
1,*,
Sandeep Panchal
2,
Majed A. Bajaber
3,
Ahlam A. Alalwiat
3,
Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
4,5,
Ujala Razzaq
1,
Hafiza Zahra Rab Nawaz
1 and
Farhat Hussain
1
1
Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Department of Civil Engineering, Government Polytechnic Mankeda, Agra 283102, UP, India
3
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
5
Prince Sultan Bin Abdelaziz for Environmental Research and Natural Resources Sustainability Center, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2024, 14(6), 392; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392
Submission received: 26 May 2024 / Revised: 14 June 2024 / Accepted: 17 June 2024 / Published: 19 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microporous and Mesoporous Materials for Catalytic Applications)
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Abstract

The excessive use of pesticides has led to the harmful contamination of water reservoirs. Visible-light-driven photocatalysis is one of the suitable methods for the removal of pesticides from water. Herein, the development of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) as a heterogeneous catalyst for the visible light-assisted degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides is reported. After synthesis via coprecipitation using cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as precursor materials, the prepared CBO was characterized using advanced techniques including XRD, EDS, TEM, SEM, FTIR, and surface area and pore size analysis. Then, it was employed as a photocatalyst for the degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides under visible light irradiation. The complete removal of Fipronil and Acetochlor pesticides was observed over CBO photocatalyst using 50 mL (100 mg/L) of each pesticide separately within 120 min of reaction. The reaction kinetics was investigated using a non-linear method of analysis using the Solver add-in. The prepared CBO exhibited a 2.8-fold and 2-fold catalytic performance in the photodegradation of selected pesticides than Co3O4 and Bi2O3 did, respectively.
Keywords: CBO; pesticides; Fipronil; Acetochlor; photocatalysis CBO; pesticides; Fipronil; Acetochlor; photocatalysis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Saeed, M.; Panchal, S.; Bajaber, M.A.; Alalwiat, A.A.; Ahmed, A.E.; Razzaq, U.; Rab Nawaz, H.Z.; Hussain, F. Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium. Catalysts 2024, 14, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392

AMA Style

Saeed M, Panchal S, Bajaber MA, Alalwiat AA, Ahmed AE, Razzaq U, Rab Nawaz HZ, Hussain F. Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium. Catalysts. 2024; 14(6):392. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saeed, Muhammad, Sandeep Panchal, Majed A. Bajaber, Ahlam A. Alalwiat, Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed, Ujala Razzaq, Hafiza Zahra Rab Nawaz, and Farhat Hussain. 2024. "Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium" Catalysts 14, no. 6: 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392

APA Style

Saeed, M., Panchal, S., Bajaber, M. A., Alalwiat, A. A., Ahmed, A. E., Razzaq, U., Rab Nawaz, H. Z., & Hussain, F. (2024). Synthesis of CBO (Co3O4-Bi2O3) Heterogeneous Photocatalyst for Degradation of Fipronil and Acetochlor Pesticides in Aqueous Medium. Catalysts, 14(6), 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal14060392

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