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Volume 13
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10.3390/catal13010154
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Review

The Challenges of Integrating the Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Treat Water and Produce Green H2

by
Fernanda Anaya-Rodríguez
,
Juan C. Durán-Álvarez
*,
K. T. Drisya
and
Rodolfo Zanella
*
Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior S/N, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico 04510, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2023, 13(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010154
Submission received: 30 November 2022 / Revised: 31 December 2022 / Accepted: 4 January 2023 / Published: 9 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalytic Reaction Engineering for Energy Conversion, Water and Air Purification)
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Abstract

Nowadays, heterogeneous photocatalysis for water treatment and hydrogen production are topics gaining interest for scientists and developers from different areas, such as environmental technology and material science. Most of the efforts and resources are devoted to the development of new photocatalyst materials, while the modeling and development of reaction systems allowing for upscaling the process to pilot or industrial scale are scarce. In this work, we present what is known on the upscaling of heterogeneous photocatalysis to purify water and to produce green H2. The types of reactors successfully used in water treatment plants are presented as study cases. The challenges of upscaling the photocatalysis process to produce green H2 are explored from the perspectives of (a) the adaptation of photoreactors, (b) the competitiveness of the process, and (c) safety. Throughout the text, Green Chemistry and Engineering Principles are described and discussed on how they are currently being applied to the heterogeneous photocatalysis process along with the challenges that are ahead. Lastly, the role of automation and high-throughput methods in the upscaling following the Green Principles is discussed.
Keywords: automation; green chemistry principles; green engineering principles; heterogeneous photocatalysis; hydrogen production; upscaling; water treatment automation; green chemistry principles; green engineering principles; heterogeneous photocatalysis; hydrogen production; upscaling; water treatment

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MDPI and ACS Style

Anaya-Rodríguez, F.; Durán-Álvarez, J.C.; Drisya, K.T.; Zanella, R. The Challenges of Integrating the Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Treat Water and Produce Green H2. Catalysts 2023, 13, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010154

AMA Style

Anaya-Rodríguez F, Durán-Álvarez JC, Drisya KT, Zanella R. The Challenges of Integrating the Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Treat Water and Produce Green H2. Catalysts. 2023; 13(1):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Anaya-Rodríguez, Fernanda, Juan C. Durán-Álvarez, K. T. Drisya, and Rodolfo Zanella. 2023. "The Challenges of Integrating the Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Treat Water and Produce Green H2" Catalysts 13, no. 1: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010154

APA Style

Anaya-Rodríguez, F., Durán-Álvarez, J. C., Drisya, K. T., & Zanella, R. (2023). The Challenges of Integrating the Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering to Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Treat Water and Produce Green H2. Catalysts, 13(1), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13010154

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