Insights into the Kinetics Degradation of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Metals Supported onto Carbon Nanospheres
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Catalyst Characterization
2.2. Influence of the Ruthenium Load in the CNS-Ru Catalyst
2.3. Influence of the Metal in the Catalyst for the BPA Degradation
2.4. Reusability and Stability Tests with CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt
2.5. Kinetics Models Determination
2.5.1. Simple Potential Model
2.5.2. Complex Potential Model
2.6. Proof of Concept: Treatment of a Real Hospital Wastewater Effluent with CNS-Ru and CNS-Pt
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of the Catalyst
3.3. Catalyst Characterization
3.4. Characterization of the Wastewater Matrix
3.5. WAO and CWAO Experiments
3.6. Sample Analysis
4. Conclusions
- The first minimum value to achieve a conversion above 97% in 90 min of reaction time was a 2 wt. % of Ru in the CNS-Ru catalyst. Leaching increased when metal content in the catalyst increased.
- The better metal of those tested was Ru against Fe and Ni, which suffered more leaching. MWCNT as support adsorbed a significant amount of BPA.
- Reusability of CNS-Ru was possible, while the activity of the CNS-Pt in the reuse reactions decreased.
- Experimental data were adjusted to a potential model to reproduce the kinetics behavior of the reactions. Another more complex potential model was employed for CWAO reactions, considering the variety of different parameters, such as temperature, pollutant concentration, total pressure, and catalyst concentration. This model was successfully proposed to imitate the experimental data of CWAO process.
- Achieved BPA degradation in the hospital wastewater was higher with CNS-Pt (85%), followed by CNS-Ru (78%) in 180 min of reaction time.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | %C | %H | %N |
---|---|---|---|
CNS-Ru(2%) | 69.50 | 2.96 | 3.51 |
CNS-Pt(2%) | 68.13 | 3.10 | 3.34 |
CNS-Fe(2%) | 63.03 | 3.10 | 3.43 |
CNS-Ni(2%) | 65.98 | 3.39 | 3.16 |
Catalyst | Metal—Active Phase | Weight Content (%) |
---|---|---|
CNS-Ru(2%) | Ru | 1.95 |
CNS-Pt(2%) | Pt | 2.05 |
CNS-Fe(2%) | Fe | 2.07 |
CNS-Ni(2%) | Ni | 2.03 |
CNS-Ru(1%) | Ru | 0.97 |
CNS-Ru(5%) | Ru | 4.86 |
CNS-Ru(7%) | Ru | 6.93 |
CNS-Ru(10%) | Ru | 10.2 |
Catalyst | Metal | wt. (%) | ABET (m2 g−1) | VP (cm3 g−1) | Vm (cm3 g−1) | Am (m2 g−1) | Aext (m2 g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CNS | Ru | 2 | 340 ± 6 | 0.326 | 0.102 | 335 | 119 |
Pt | 2 | 330 ± 6 | 0.331 | 0.150 | 248 | 82 | |
Fe | 2 | 586 ± 9 | 0.361 | 0.199 | 433 | 153 | |
Ni | 2 | 406 ± 6 | 0.260 | 0.134 | 290 | 116 | |
MWCNT | Ru | 2 | 160 ± 0.3 | 0.916 | 0.009 | 21 | 138 |
CNS | Ru | 1 | 372 ± 5 | 0.238 | 0.119 | 258 | 114 |
Ru | 5 | 367 ± 5 | 0.280 | 0.113 | 245 | 118 | |
Ru | 7 | 358 ± 5 | 0.277 | 0.109 | 238 | 120 | |
Ru | 10 | 340 ± 5 | 0.245 | 0.104 | 227 | 113 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
k0 (mmol1−a·La·gRu−1·min−1) | 8606 |
Ea (kJ·mol−1) | 31.03 ± 2.55 |
a | 0.97 ± 0.05 |
R2 | 0.988 |
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
k0 (mmol1−a·La+c·gRu−1−c·min−1·bar−b) | 1014 |
Ea (kJ·mol−1) | 31.60 ± 2.85 |
a | 0.99 ± 0.05 |
b | 0.55 ± 0.06 |
c | 0.78 ± 0.03 |
R2 | 0.988 |
Experiment | T (°C) | P (bar) | [CNS-Ru(2%)] (gRu L−1) | CBPA 0 (mg L−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 110 | 20 | 0.04 | 20 |
2 | 130 | 20 | 0.04 | 20 |
3 | 140 | 20 | 0.04 | 20 |
4 | 150 | 20 | 0.04 | 20 |
5 | 130 | 30 | 0.04 | 20 |
6 | 130 | 40 | 0.04 | 20 |
7 | 130 | 50 | 0.04 | 20 |
8 | 130 | 20 | 0.01 | 20 |
9 | 130 | 20 | 0.02 | 20 |
10 | 130 | 20 | 0.06 | 20 |
11 | 130 | 20 | 0.04 | 5 |
12 | 130 | 20 | 0.04 | 10 |
13 | 130 | 20 | 0.04 | 30 |
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Serra-Pérez, E.; Rodríguez, J.G. Insights into the Kinetics Degradation of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Metals Supported onto Carbon Nanospheres. Catalysts 2021, 11, 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111293
Serra-Pérez E, Rodríguez JG. Insights into the Kinetics Degradation of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Metals Supported onto Carbon Nanospheres. Catalysts. 2021; 11(11):1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111293
Chicago/Turabian StyleSerra-Pérez, Estrella, and Juan García Rodríguez. 2021. "Insights into the Kinetics Degradation of Bisphenol A by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation with Metals Supported onto Carbon Nanospheres" Catalysts 11, no. 11: 1293. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111293