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Volume 11
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Review

Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions

by
Younis Baqi
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 36, Muscat 123, Oman
Catalysts 2021, 11(1), 46; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010046
Submission received: 11 December 2020 / Revised: 26 December 2020 / Accepted: 28 December 2020 / Published: 31 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microwave-Assisted Catalysis)
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Abstract

Cross-coupling reactions furnishing carbon–carbon (C–C) and carbon–heteroatom (C–X) bond is one of the most challenging tasks in organic syntheses. The early developed reaction protocols by Ullmann, Ullman–Goldberg, Cadiot–Chodkiewicz, Castro–Stephens, and Corey–House, utilizing elemental copper or its salts as catalyst have, for decades, attracted and inspired scientists. However, these reactions were suffering from the range of functional groups tolerated as well as severely restricted by the harsh reaction conditions often required high temperatures (150–200 °C) for extended reaction time. Enormous efforts have been paid to develop and achieve more sustainable reaction conditions by applying the microwave irradiation. The use of controlled microwave heating dramatically reduces the time required and therefore resulting in increase in the yield as well as the efficiency of the reaction. This review is mainly focuses on the recent advances and applications of copper catalyzed cross-coupling generation of carbon–carbon and carbon–heteroatom bond under microwave technology.
Keywords: cross-coupling reaction; Cu catalyst; microwave irradiation; methodology; synthesis cross-coupling reaction; Cu catalyst; microwave irradiation; methodology; synthesis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Baqi, Y. Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Catalysts 2021, 11, 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010046

AMA Style

Baqi Y. Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Catalysts. 2021; 11(1):46. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010046

Chicago/Turabian Style

Baqi, Younis. 2021. "Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions" Catalysts 11, no. 1: 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010046

APA Style

Baqi, Y. (2021). Recent Advances in Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions. Catalysts, 11(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11010046

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