Cancer Risk in Patients with Down Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Database
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Study Outcomes
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics of the Study Cohort
3.2. Cumulative Incidence of Cancer among Patients with and without DS
3.3. Association between Down Syndrome and Cancer Diagnosis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | Proportion among Patients with Down Syndrome (N, %) N = 2438 | Proportion among Patients without Down Syndrome (N, %) N = 12,190 | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (Mean, SD) | 41.8 (15.3) | 41.8 (15.3) | 0.919 |
Age 18–30 | 720 (29.5) | 3587 (29.4) | 0.970 |
Age 31–40 | 438 (18.0) | 2241 (18.4) | |
Age 41–50 | 490 (20.1) | 2432 (20.0) | |
Age 51–60 | 497 (20.4) | 2426 (19.9) | |
Age >60 | 293 (12.0) | 1504 (12.3) | |
Female | 1171 (48.0) | 5855 (48.0) | 1.000 |
Male | 1267 (52.0) | 6335 (42.0) | |
Number of physician visits per year during the follow-up (Mean, SD) | 5.2 (4.8) | 5.2 (4.8) | 1.000 |
Charlson Comorbidity Score (CCS) | 0.4 (0.9) | 0.4 (0.9) | 1.000 |
CCS 0 | 1806 (74.1) | 9030 (74.1) | 1.000 |
CCS 1 | 383 (15.7) | 1915 (15.7) | |
CCS 2 | 153 (6.3) | 770 (6.3) | |
CCS >2 | 95 (3.9) | 475 (3.9) | |
Index year 2005–2008 | 375 (15.4) | 1875 (15.4) | 1.000 |
Index year 2009–2012 | 570 (23.4) | 2850 (23.4) | |
Index year 2013–2016 | 643 (26.4) | 3215 (26.4) | |
Index year 2017–2021 | 850 (34.8) | 4250 (34.8) |
Outcome Diagnosis | Incidence (Cases per 1000 Patient Years) among Down Syndrome Patients | Incidence (Cases per 1000 Patient Years) among Non-Down Syndrome Patients | HR (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
All patients | ||||
Cancer total | 3.89 | 5.53 | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 0.144 |
Esophagus/stomach | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.85 (0.10–7.29) | 0.883 |
Colon/rectum | 0.17 | 0.43 | 0.99 (0.40–2.41) | 0.975 |
Pancreas | 0.26 | 0.16 | 1.66 (0.44–6.26) | 0.455 |
Bronchus and lung | 0.09 | 0.50 | 0.26 (0.06–1.10) | 0.067 |
Skin | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.77 (0.22–2.67) | 0.680 |
Lymphoma | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.68 (0.15–3.07) | 0.619 |
Leukaemia | 0.26 | 0.09 | 1.75 (0.61–5.06) | 0.298 |
Women | ||||
Cancer total | 4.49 | 5.65 | 0.89 (0.58–1.37) | 0.588 |
Esophagus/stomach | 0.18 | 0.14 | 1.40 (0.15–13.43) | 0.773 |
Colon/rectum | 0.36 | 0.48 | 0.81 (0.18–3.72) | 0.790 |
Pancreas | 0.18 | 0.14 | 1.49 (0.15–13.43) | 0.730 |
Bronchus and lung | 0 | 0.34 | ----- * | |
Skin | 0.36 | 0.24 | 1.68 (0.33–8.68) | 0.535 |
Female breast | 0.36 | 1.30 | 0.33 (0.12–0.93) | 0.036 |
Female genital organs | 0.90 | 0.43 | 2.54 (0.99–6.56) | 0.054 |
Lymphoma | 0 | 0.10 | ----- * | |
Leukaemia | 0 | 0.10 | ----- * | |
Men | ||||
Cancer total | 3.33 | 5.43 | 0.69 (0.43–1.11) | 0.128 |
Esophagus/stomach | 0 | 0.09 | ----- * | |
Colon/rectum | 0 | 0.39 | ----- * | |
Pancreas | 0.33 | 0.17 | 2.27 (0.42–12.39) | 0.345 |
Bronchus and lung | 0.17 | 0.65 | 0.30 (0.04–2.25) | 0.240 |
Skin | 0 | 0.22 | ----- * | |
Prostate | 0.17 | 0.82 | 0.35 (0.08–1.46) | 0.149 |
Testis | 0.33 | 0.22 | 1.73 (0.34–8.92) | 0.514 |
Lymphoma | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.96 (0.21–4.44) | 0.958 |
Leukaemia | 0.50 | 0.09 | 6.50 (1.08–39.00) | 0.041 |
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Krieg, S.; Krieg, A.; Loosen, S.H.; Roderburg, C.; Kostev, K. Cancer Risk in Patients with Down Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany. Cancers 2024, 16, 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061103
Krieg S, Krieg A, Loosen SH, Roderburg C, Kostev K. Cancer Risk in Patients with Down Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany. Cancers. 2024; 16(6):1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061103
Chicago/Turabian StyleKrieg, Sarah, Andreas Krieg, Sven H. Loosen, Christoph Roderburg, and Karel Kostev. 2024. "Cancer Risk in Patients with Down Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany" Cancers 16, no. 6: 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061103
APA StyleKrieg, S., Krieg, A., Loosen, S. H., Roderburg, C., & Kostev, K. (2024). Cancer Risk in Patients with Down Syndrome—A Retrospective Cohort Study from Germany. Cancers, 16(6), 1103. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16061103