PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patient Cohort and Tissue Microarray Construction
2.2. Multiplex IHC Staining and Image Acquisition
2.3. Image Analysis
2.4. Flow Cytometry-like Workflow
2.5. Spatial Analysis
2.6. Survival Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. PDAC Cell Phenotyping with High-Multiplex InSituPlex DNA Barcoding and Antibody Staining
3.2. Lymphoid or Myeloid Density Alone Was Not Clearly Associated with Differences in Overall Survival Outcomes
3.3. Multiplexed IHC Images Established Quantitative Assessment by Image Cytometry Analysis with Preserved TME Context Information
3.4. In Situ Leukocyte Analysis Identified the Proportion of PD-1 Expression in CD8+ TILs as a Risk Factor in PDAC
3.5. Spatial Analysis Revealed That PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis
3.6. Prognostic Value Evaluation of Risk Prediction Factors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yang, X.; Wang, G.; Song, Y.; Zhuang, T.; Li, Y.; Xie, Y.; Fei, X.; Zhao, Y.; Xu, D.; Hu, Y. PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients. Cancers 2023, 15, 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051389
Yang X, Wang G, Song Y, Zhuang T, Li Y, Xie Y, Fei X, Zhao Y, Xu D, Hu Y. PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients. Cancers. 2023; 15(5):1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051389
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Xiaobao, Guanzheng Wang, Yue Song, Tongtao Zhuang, Yifei Li, Yujie Xie, Xuefeng Fei, Yanan Zhao, Dakang Xu, and Yiqun Hu. 2023. "PD-1+CD8+ T Cells Proximal to PD-L1+CD68+ Macrophages Are Associated with Poor Prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients" Cancers 15, no. 5: 1389. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051389