Global Longitudinal Strain in Cardio-Oncology: A Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
1.1. Definition of Cardiotoxicity
1.2. GLS in the Diagnosis of Cardiotoxicity
1.3. Assessment of GLS in Combination with Cardiac Biomarkers
1.4. GLS vs. Segmental Strain
1.5. The Use of GLS Assessment in Patients with Various Cancers
1.6. GLS Depending on the Method of Anticancer Treatment
1.7. GLS Assessment in the Context of Right Ventricular Cardiotoxicity
1.8. GLS Assessment during Cancer Treatment
1.9. Perspectives of GLS Assessment
1.10. Disadvantages of GLS
2. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BNP | brain natriuretic peptide |
cTnT | cardiac troponin T |
GLS | global longitudinal strain |
HSCT | hematopoietic stem cell transplantation |
LVEF | left ventricular ejection fraction |
MACE | major adverse cardiac events |
NT-proBNP | N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide |
RV | right ventricle |
SR | strain rate |
STE | speckle tracking echocardiography |
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Guidelines, Year | Anthracyclines | HER2-Targeted Therapies |
---|---|---|
2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO), and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS): Developed by the task force on cardio-oncology of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [10] | Low baseline cardiotoxicity risk: at baseline and 12 months post-treatment (may be also considered after the fourth cycle) Moderate risk: at baseline and 12 months posttreatment (should be also considered after the fourth cycle). High and very high risk: at baseline, after 2nd, 4th, and 6th cycles and also 3 and 12 months after treatment | Low and moderate risk: at baseline; after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; and then 12 months post-treatment High and very high risk: at baseline; after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months; and then 3 and 12 months post-treatment |
2021 British Society for Echocardiography and British Cardio-Oncology Society guideline for transthoracic echocardiographic assessment of adult cancer patients receiving anthracyclines and/or trastuzumab [8]. | Every 3 months during chemotherapy, and 3–12 months after its termination | Every 3 months during the therapy and 3–12 months after the end of therapy |
2020 Management of cardiac disease in cancer patients throughout oncological treatment: ESMO consensus recommendations [48]. | After a cumulative dose of 250 mg/m2 doxorubicin or equivalent. Next after each additional 100 mg/m2 | Every 3 months |
2020 Role of cardiovascular imaging in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic therapies: a position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association (HFA), the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI), and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [49]. | Depending on the risk calculated according to the planned therapy and patient-related risk factors, including age, comorbidities, and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors | Risk is calculated according to the planned therapy and patient-related factors, including age, comorbidities, and CV risk factors (range from 6 to 12 weeks) |
2016 Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines for Evaluation and Management of Cardiovascular Complications of Cancer Therapy [50]. | No recommendations | Every 3 months |
2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) [51]. | After a cumulative dose of 200 mg/m2 doxorubicin or equivalent | Every 4 cycles |
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Sławiński, G.; Hawryszko, M.; Liżewska-Springer, A.; Nabiałek-Trojanowska, I.; Lewicka, E. Global Longitudinal Strain in Cardio-Oncology: A Review. Cancers 2023, 15, 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030986
Sławiński G, Hawryszko M, Liżewska-Springer A, Nabiałek-Trojanowska I, Lewicka E. Global Longitudinal Strain in Cardio-Oncology: A Review. Cancers. 2023; 15(3):986. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030986
Chicago/Turabian StyleSławiński, Grzegorz, Maja Hawryszko, Aleksandra Liżewska-Springer, Izabela Nabiałek-Trojanowska, and Ewa Lewicka. 2023. "Global Longitudinal Strain in Cardio-Oncology: A Review" Cancers 15, no. 3: 986. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030986