Postoperative Changes in Systemic Immune Tolerance Following Major Oncologic versus Minor Maxillofacial Surgery
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients Collective
2.2. Sampling of Peripheral Blood
2.3. Analysis of IL6, IL10, FOXP3, and PD-L1 Expression by Quantitative Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patients Collective
3.2. IL-6
3.3. IL-10
3.4. FOXP3
3.5. PD-L1
4. Discussion
4.1. Influence of Surgical Trauma on Peripheral Immune Tolerance
4.2. Influence of Duration of Surgery on Peripheral Immune Tolerance
4.3. Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Real-Time qPCR | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primer | Sequence (5′ to 3′) | Primer Length (bp) | Amplicon Length (bp) | Annealing Temp. (°C) | Accession Number |
IL-6/s | TCG GTC CAG TTG CCT TCT CC | 20 | 127 | 60 | NM_000600 |
IL-6/as | TCT GAA GAG GTC AGT GGC TGT C | 22 | 127 | 60 | |
IL-10/s | AAG GCG CAT GTG AAC TCC C | 19 | 99 | 60 | NM_000572.3 |
IL10/as | GGC CTT GCT CTT GTT TTC ACA G | 22 | 99 | 61 | |
FOXP3/s | CAC TGC TGG CAA ATG GTG TC | 20 | 226 | 60 | NM_014009.4 |
FOXP3/as | TCA TCC AGA AGA TGG TCC GC | 20 | 226 | 60 | |
PD-L1/s | AGC TAT GGT GGT GCC GAC TA | 20 | 152 | 61 | NM_014143.3 NM_001314029 |
PD-L1/as | CAG ATG ACT TCG GCC TTG GG | 20 | 152 | 61 | |
GAPDH/s | GAC CCC TTC ATT GAC CTC AAC TA | 23 | 122 | 60 | NM_002046.5 |
GAPDH/as | GAA TTT GCC ATG GGT GGA AT | 20 | 122 | 60 |
IL6 in G1 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size (n) | 22 | 22 | 22 | 21 | 19 |
Median ΔCt value | 11.39 | 12.40 | 13.14 | 12.94 | 12.15 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.30 | 0.34 | 0.59 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 11.39 (±1.57) | 12.32 (±1.41) | 13.17 (±1.70) | 12.80 (±1.69) | 11.92 (±1.15) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.20 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.19 |
IL6 in G2 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
Sample size (n) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 5 |
Median ΔCt value | 11.35 | 11.76 | 13.51 | 11.55 | 12.19 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.22 | 0.87 | 0.56 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 11.69 (±1.04) | 12.15 (±1.11) | 13.30 (±0.96) | 11.71 (±1.06) | 11.97 (±0.60) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.35 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 0.49 |
IL6 in G3 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | |
Sample size (n) | 18 | 18 | 7 | 5 | |
Median ΔCt value | 11.03 | 11.00 | 11.51 | 12.37 | |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.72 | 0.40 | |
Average (±standard derivation) | 11.10 (±1.36) | 11.04 (±1.02) | 11.56 (±1.29) | 12.15 (±0.89) | |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.33 | 0.44 | 0.31 |
IL6 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | |
Median ΔCt value | 11.39 | 11.35 | 11.03 | 12.40 | 11.76 | 11.00 | 13.14 | 13.51 | 11.51 |
Fold change to G1 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 1.28 | 1.00 | 1.56 | 2.64 | 1.00 | 0.77 | 3.10 |
p-value to G1 | n.d. | 0.92 | 0.45 | n.d. | 0.22 | <0.01 | n.d. | 0.80 | 0.03 |
p-value G2/G3 | n.d. | 0.36 | n.d. | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.02 | |||
IL10 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | ||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | |
Median ΔCt value | 10.02 | 9.98 | 11.19 | 8.31 | 8.90 | 10.81 | 8.74 | 8.88 | 9.85 |
Fold change to G1 | 1.00 | 1.03 | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.18 | 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.46 |
p-value to G1 | n.d. | 0.89 | <0.01 | n.d. | 0.21 | <0.01 | n.d. | 0.19 | <0.01 |
p-value G2/G3 | n.d. | 0.09 | n.d. | <0.01 | n.d. | <0.01 | |||
FOXP3 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | ||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | |
Median ΔCt value | 6.07 | 6.24 | 6.09 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 6.30 | 8.08 | 8.19 | 6.52 |
Fold change to G1 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.99 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.62 | 1.00 | 0.93 | 2.95 |
p-value to G1 | n.d. | 0.37 | 0.98 | n.d. | 0.80 | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.64 | <0.01 |
p-value G2/G3 | n.d. | 0.40 | n.d. | 0.16 | n.d. | 0.02 | |||
PD-L1 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | ||||||
G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | G1 | G2 | G3 | |
Median ΔCt value | 7.03 | 7.45 | 7.15 | 6.79 | 7.21 | 7.37 | 6.60 | 7.19 | 7.27 |
Fold change to G1 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.75 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.66 | 0.63 |
p-value to G1 | n.d. | 0.32 | 0.70 | n.d. | 0.35 | 0.02 | n.d. | 0.08 | 0.05 |
p-value G2/G3 | n.d. | 0.51 | n.d. | 0.46 | n.d. | 0.95 |
IL10 in G1 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size (n) | 24 | 24 | 25 | 24 | 22 |
Median ΔCt value | 10.02 | 8.31 | 8.74 | 9.05 | 9.31 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 3.27 | 2.43 | 1.96 | 1.64 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 9.95 (±0.91) | 8.45 (±0.84) | 8.63 (±0.94) | 9.18 (±1.08) | 9.46 (±0.80) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.15 | 0.08 |
IL10 in G2 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
Sample size (n) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
Median ΔCt value | 9.98 | 8.90 | 8.88 | 9.21 | 9.97 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 2.11 | 2.14 | 1.71 | 1.01 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 10.11 (±0.70) | 8.88 (±0.62) | 9.03 (±0.32) | 9.36 (±0.50) | 10.20 (±0.80) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.33 | 0.28 | 0.21 | 0.48 |
IL10 in G3 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | |
Sample size (n) | 18 | 18 | 7 | 5 | |
Median ΔCt value | 11.19 | 10.81 | 9.85 | 10.67 | |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 1.30 | 2.53 | 1.43 | |
Average (±standard derivation) | 10.80 (±1.05) | 10.64 (±0.85) | 10.23 (±0.99) | 10.81 (±0.51) | |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.48 | 0.26 | 0.39 |
FOXP3 in G1 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size (n) | 24 | 24 | 24 | 25 | 22 |
Median ΔCt value | 6.07 | 7.00 | 8.08 | 7.55 | 6.67 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.52 | 0.25 | 0.36 | 0.66 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 6.25 (±0.85) | 7.01 (±1.05) | 8.12 (±1.00) | 7.74 (±1.21) | 6.71 (±1.29) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.27 | 0.04 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
FOXP3 in G2 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
Sample size (n) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
Median ΔCt value | 6.24 | 7.00 | 8.19 | 7.66 | 6.79 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.59 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.68 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 6.43 (±0.98) | 7.17 (±1.33) | 8.15 (±1.01) | 7.69 (±1.29) | 6.70 (±0.71) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.39 |
FOXP3 in G3 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | |
Sample size (n) | 18 | 18 | 7 | 5 | |
Median ΔCt value | 6.09 | 6.30 | 6.52 | 5.96 | |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.74 | 1.09 | |
Average (±standard derivation) | 6.18 (±0.61) | 6.25 (±0.67) | 6.53 (±0.61) | 5.96 (±0.69) | |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.39 | 0.46 | 0.30 |
PD-L1 in G1 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size (n) | 24 | 24 | 25 | 25 | 22 |
Median ΔCt value | 7.03 | 6.79 | 6.60 | 6.61 | 7.21 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.35 | 1.34 | 0.88 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 7.00 (±0.68) | 6.88 (±0.72) | 6.76 (±0.80) | 6.65 (±0.82) | 6.87 (±0.96) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.26 | 0.50 |
PD-L1 in G2 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | 10 d Post |
Sample size (n) | 7 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
Median ΔCt value | 7.45 | 7.21 | 7.19 | 7.30 | 7.11 |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.11 | 1.27 |
Average (±standard derivation) | 7.23 (±0.63) | 7.12 (±0.70) | 7.14 (±0.56) | 7.14 (±0.66) | 6.69 (±1.93) |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.38 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.48 |
PD-L1 in G3 | Pre | Post | 2 d Post | 4 d Post | |
Sample size (n) | 18 | 18 | 7 | 5 | |
Median ΔCt value | 7.15 | 7.37 | 7.27 | 6.98 | |
Fold change to “pre“ | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 1.13 | |
Average (±standard derivation) | 7.12 (±0.63) | 7.40 (±0.62) | 7.14 (±0.44) | 7.01 (±0.25) | |
p-value to “pre“ | n.d. | 0.45 | 0.41 | 0.49 |
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Trumet, L.; Ries, J.; Sobl, P.; Ivenz, N.; Wehrhan, F.; Lutz, R.; Kesting, M.; Weber, M. Postoperative Changes in Systemic Immune Tolerance Following Major Oncologic versus Minor Maxillofacial Surgery. Cancers 2023, 15, 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153755
Trumet L, Ries J, Sobl P, Ivenz N, Wehrhan F, Lutz R, Kesting M, Weber M. Postoperative Changes in Systemic Immune Tolerance Following Major Oncologic versus Minor Maxillofacial Surgery. Cancers. 2023; 15(15):3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153755
Chicago/Turabian StyleTrumet, Leah, Jutta Ries, Philip Sobl, Niclas Ivenz, Falk Wehrhan, Rainer Lutz, Marco Kesting, and Manuel Weber. 2023. "Postoperative Changes in Systemic Immune Tolerance Following Major Oncologic versus Minor Maxillofacial Surgery" Cancers 15, no. 15: 3755. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153755