Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Strategy
2.2. Selection Criteria
2.3. Data Extraction
3. Results
3.1. Biological Impact
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age of Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borstelmann [25] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 289 partners of AYA cancer patients (22 to 40 years old) | Sexuality (GMSEX) | 20% of the participants reported sexual difficulties |
Demiralp [18] | Turkey, 2010 | Qualitative | 2 spouses, 3 siblings, and 4 mothers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 38 years old) | Interviews to describe the personal experiences of family caregivers of patients with malignant tumors | Participants reported physical problems due to caregiving |
Gorman [26] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 25 male partners of female AYA cancer patients (24 to 39 years old) | Interviews on how patients and partners appraise and manage their sexual health and intimate relationships after cancer | Participants reported a decrease in sexual health and different practices to improve this |
Grinyer [24] | UK, 2006 | Qualitative | 9 mothers of AYA cancer patients (18 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the health of mothers and coping with these issues | Participants ignored their own physical health issues |
Head [27] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 8 spouses, 5 mothers, 5 siblings, 2 partners, and 1 child of AYA cancer patients (18 to 36 years old) | Interviews to identify salient issues in relation to illness transformations for supporters | Participants report lifestyle changes and an altered attitude towards preventative healthcare |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experiences of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Participants were fatigued, which was caused by caregiving |
Jeon [22] | Australia, 2020 | Qualitative | 3 caregivers of AYA cancer patients (aged 29 to 35 years old) | Explore sleep experiences of caregivers: perceptions of the nature and impact on sleep disturbances, potential ecological factors, and views on treatment options | Participants identified sleeping problems due to worrying and a lack of time to rest |
Nolbris [23] | Sweden, 2014 | Qualitative | 9 siblings of AYA cancer patients (15 to 22 years old) | Interviews on the experiences of being a sibling of someone with cancer and narrating their memories and thoughts | Participants report difficulty sleeping during the night |
Sanden [20] | Norway, 2008 | Qualitative | A partner of an AYA cancer patient (27 years old) | Described the impact of living in a disrupted situation as partner to a patient with testicular cancer | Participant felt drained, leaving no energy for being emotional |
Sari [21] | Turkey, 2013 | Qualitative | 13 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 17 years old) | Experiences of parents giving home care to their child on chemotherapy | Participants dealt with physical problems and were being hygienic to keep out viruses |
Stevens [17] | UK, 2018 | Mixed-methods | 14 parents, 4 partners, 7 friends, and 4 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 24 years old) | Unmet needs in cancer services | Participants reported impact on physical well-being due to caregiving |
3.2. Psychological Impact
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baum [28] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 9 parents, 21 spouses, and 3 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 39 years old) | PTSS (IES-R) Subjective distress (Distress Thermometer, Problem List) HRQoL (FACT-GP) Anxiety and depressive symptoms (ASR) |
|
Bogetz [35] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on communication, worries, information sharing, strengths, and support | Participants report many negative emotions and want to protect their AYA. They have difficulty balancing autonomy and advocating |
Bogetz [40] | USA, 2022 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the process by which parents adapt to child’s serious illness | Participants experience negative emotions. There are also oscillating experiences during the disease, which they want to share |
Borstelmann [25] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 289 partners of AYA cancer patients (22 to 40 years old) | Quality of life (CQOLC) Coping (BRIEF-COPE) Concerns (PCQ) Anxiety and Depression (HADS) |
|
Cheng [31] | China, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 150 partners, 91 parents, 41 other (siblings, children or other relatives) caregivers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 39 years old) | Anxiety (GAD-7) Depression (PHQ-9) Quality of life (Quality of Life Family Scale) |
|
Davies [41] | UK, 2019 | Qualitative | 3 partners of AYA cancer patients (19 to 20 years old) | Interviews on experiences of supporting an AYA with cancer | Participants reported to put themselves second and give up own comfort for caregiving |
Demiralp [18] | Turkey, 2010 | Qualitative | 2 spouses, 3 siblings, and 4 mothers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 38 years old) | Interviews to describe the personal experiences of family caregivers of patients with malignant tumors | Participants identified various positive and negative emotions related to caregiving |
Friesen [42] | Canada, 2002 | Qualitative | 4 children, 1 mother, 1 sibling, and 2 partners of 3 AYA cancer patients (28 to 40 years old) | Interviews regarding the impact of the disease on the family and their responses | Participants report difficulty in disclosing information to the patient |
Gorman [26] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 25 male partners of female AYA cancer patients (24 to 39 years old) | Interviews on how patients and partners appraise and manage their sexual health and intimate relationships after cancer | Participants had negative emotions regarding reduced intimacy with their partner |
Grinyer [24] | UK, 2006 | Qualitative | 9 mothers of AYA cancer patients (18 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the health of mothers coping with these issues | Participants reported difficulty balancing their input during hospital visits while being sensitive to independence |
Head [27] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 8 spouses, 5 mothers, 5 siblings, 2 partners, and 1 child of AYA cancer patients (18 to 36 years old) | Interviews to identify salient issues related to illness transformations for supporters | Participants showed a changed outlook on life due to the disease |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experience of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Participants showed many negative emotions due to the disease and tended not to share those with others |
McCarthy [29] | Australia, 2016 | Cross-sectional | 204 parent caretakers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | PTSS (PCL-S) Distress (K10) Impact of cancer (Life Impact Scale) Life stress |
|
Mikrut [32] | USA, 2017 | Cross-sectional | 66 parents of AYA cancer patients (17 to 39 years old) | Social constraints on emotional disclosure (Lopre, 1999) Cognitive processing (IES-R) Fear of cancer recurrence (Concerns about Recurrence Scale) Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) |
|
Mishra [30] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 5 partners, 1 parent, and 2 undefined caregivers of AYA cancer patients (20 to 39 years old) | Interviews to examine the experiences of cancer as an informal caregiver | Participants reported many negative psychological symptoms due to caregiving There were also positive changes in their outlook on life |
Nam [34] | USA, 2016 | Cross-sectional | Parents and other family caregivers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 21 years old) | Distress (IES) Sociodemographic and clinical variables | 60.5% had a distress score of a clinically significant level (score above 26 on IES), which is an overall clinical concern for PTSD They had lower levels of intrusion compared to caregivers for younger patients (overall p = 0.02) |
Nolbris [23] | Sweden, 2014 | Qualitative | 9 siblings of AYA cancer patients (15 to 22 years old) | Interviews on the experiences of being a sibling of someone with cancer, narrating their memories and thoughts | Participants experienced negative emotions because of the realization of mortality. They felt helpless and left out, and had to adjust to the situation |
Palma [39] | USA, 2015 | Qualitative | 46 mothers of AYA patients (14 to 30 years old) | Identifying the daily maternal caregiver demands | Difficulty in letting the patient be independent during hospital visits, wanting to advocate |
Sanden [20] | Norway, 2008 | Case study | A partner of an AYA cancer patient (27 years old) | Described the impact of living in a disrupted situation as partner to a patient with testicular cancer | Participant put self second and neglected own needs. She wanted to experience everything together, but also has a changed future |
Schweitzer [36] | Australia, 2014 | Qualitative | 2 parents from AYA cancer patients (15 to 17 years old) | Identifying the experiences related to the diagnosis | Diagnosis was a shock and they realized their child could die. Also, positive change in outlook on life occurred |
Van Schoors [37] | Belgium, 2019 | Qualitative | 4 parents and three siblings of AYA cancer patients (16 years old) | Interviews on the experiences of the diagnostic and treatment process, as well as perspectives on family relationships and functioning post diagnosis | Participants felt separated from family. They had negative emotions but had a hard time talking about them. Also, felt like a team to take care of the patient. |
3.3. Social Impact
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age of Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bogetz [40] | USA, 2022 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the process by which parents adapt to child’s serious illness | Support from others was perceived as helpful Participants also felt isolated |
Borstelmann [25] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 289 partners of AYA cancer patients (22 to 40 years old) | Relationship strain (CARES) | 32% of all participants reported relationship strain |
Demiralp [18] | Turkey, 2010 | Qualitative | 2 spouses, 3 siblings, and 4 mothers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 38 years old) | Interviews to describe the personal experiences of family caregivers of patients with malignant tumors | Participants experienced their family relationships as closer because of the disease |
Gorman [26] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 25 male partners of female AYA cancer patients (24 to 39 years old) | Interviews on how patients and partners appraised and managed their sexual health and intimate relationships after cancer | Participants perceived a positive change in their relationship with their partner |
Grinyer [24] | UK, 2006 | Qualitative | 9 mothers of AYA cancer patients (18 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the health of mothers coping with these issues | Participants felt lonely and experienced relationship strain due to different ways of coping Impaired social life |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experiences of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Participants experienced a lack of support from others. They also had difficult dynamics with other supporters |
Mader [43] | Denmark, 2020 | Cohort | 2579 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 19 years old) | Separation, divorce, family planning, and sociodemographic and clinical data | Participants had a lower risk of divorce or separation compared to parents of younger children with cancer (HR > 1 for all age-groups below 15 years old) |
Mishra [30] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 5 partners, 1 parent, and 2 undefined caregivers of AYA cancer patients (20 to 39 years old) | Interviews to examine the experiences of cancer for an informal caregiver | Participants identify stronger relationships to the patient due to the disease |
Reblin [44] | USA, 2017 | Qualitative | 8 parents and 1 spouse of AYA cancer patients (19 to 29 years old) | Provided an insight into the expectations for types of psychosocial support using interviews | Participants identified that relationships became more meaningful Also, there were difficult dynamics between caregivers |
Sanden [20] | Norway, 2008 | Case study | A partner of an AYA cancer patient (27 years old) | Described the impact of living in a disrupted situation as partner to a patient with testicular cancer | Participant reported feeling a lot of support from family, which was perceived as helpful |
Sari [21] | Turkey, 2013 | Qualitative | 13 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 17 years old) | Experiences of parents giving home care to their child on chemotherapy | Participants felt isolated as they reduced visits from others |
Stevens [17] | UK, 2018 | Mixed-method | 14 parents, 4 partners, 7 friends, and 4 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 24 years old) | Unmet needs in cancer services | Participants identified a changed relationship to the patient |
Syse [33] | Norway, 2010 | Cohort | Registry of all divorce rates in Norway with filter for AYA cancer patients (15 to 18 years old) | Divorce rates | Among participants there was no significant effect for divorce probability for being a parent of a child with or without cancer (OR 1.04, CI 0.95 to 1.13). Age of child with cancer did not have a significant effect (OR 1.01, CI 0.77 to 1.31) |
3.4. Schedule Impact
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age of Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bogetz [35] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on communication, worries, information sharing, strengths, and support | Participants had difficulty with the role of being a parent. They also struggled with all roles and tasks they had to undertake |
Davies [41] | UK, 2019 | Qualitative | 3 partners of AYA cancer patients (19 to 20 years old) | Interviews on experiences of supporting an AYA with cancer | Participants helped AYA to continue daily life. They worked more hours, moved closer to them and helped to make decisions |
Demiralp [18] | Turkey, 2010 | Qualitative | 2 spouses, 3 siblings, and 4 mothers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 38 years old) | Interviews to describe the personal experiences of family caregivers of patients with malignant tumors | Participants helped the patient with their daily activities |
Friesen [42] | Canada, 2002 | Qualitative | 4 children, 1 mother, 1 sibling, and 2 partners of 3 AYA cancer patients (28 to 40 years old) | Interviews regarding the impact of the disease on the family and their responses | Participants worked more hours to take care of AYA, took care of their families and helped them get back into society |
Gorman [26] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 25 male partners of female AYA cancer patients (24 to 39 years old) | Interviews on how patients and partners appraise and manage their sexual health and intimate relationships after cancer | Participants joined AYA for hospital visits and advocated for them. Difficult to shift back to sexual partner |
Grinyer [24] | UK, 2006 | Qualitative | 9 mothers of AYA cancer patients (18 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the health of mothers coping with these issues. | Caregivers reported many different roles and tasks |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experiences of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Caregivers took on many different roles and tasks in addition to their normative ones. Their own life plan was disrupted |
Palma [39] | USA, 2015 | Qualitative | 46 mothers of AYA patients (14 to 30 years old) | Daily maternal caregiver demands | Participants had to manage all disease-related tasks and help with asking questions and making decisions. They advocated for them and helped them back into society |
Reblin [44] | USA, 2017 | Qualitative | 8 parents and 1 spouse of AYA cancer patients (19 to 29 years old) | Provided insight into the expectations for types of psychosocial support using interviews | Participants were emotional support and assisted with travelling. Dividing roles were based on one’s characteristics, and it was difficult to undertake caregiving aside from normal activities |
Sanden [20] | Norway, 2008 | Case study | A partner of an AYA cancer patient (27 years old) | Described the impact of living in a disrupted situation as partner to a patient with testicular cancer | Participant managed medical care and emotional support and participated during healthcare visits. They gave up their own free time |
Sari [21] | Turkey, 2013 | Qualitative | 13 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 17 years old) | Experiences of parents giving home care to their child on chemotherapy | Participants changed their living situation. They offered practical support and try to stay a parent in the meantime |
Schweitzer [36] | Australia, 2014 | Qualitative | 2 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 17 years old) | Identifying the experiences related to the diagnosis | Participants felt like life revolved completely around hospital visits and medical care |
Stevens [17] | UK, 2018 | Mixed-method | 14 parents, 4 partners, 7 friends, and 4 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 24 years old) | Unmet needs in cancer services | Participants provided many types of support (emotional, practical, Advice, physical care, financial). Also, it was difficult to manage their normative tasks |
Van Schoors [37] | Belgium,2019 | Qualitative | 4 parents and 3 siblings of AYA cancer patients (16 years old) | Interviews on the experiences of the diagnostic and treatment processes, as well as perspectives on family relationships and functioning post diagnosis | Participants gave up their own free time to take care of AYAs |
3.5. Financial Impact
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age of Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baum [28] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 9 parents, 21 spouses, and 3 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 39 years old) | Financial toxicity (Cost) | 43.9% of participants had financial toxicity |
Borstelmann [25] | USA, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 289 partners of AYA cancer patients (22 to 40 years old) | Financial security (self-developed) | 29% of participants had financial insecurity |
Davies [41] | UK, 2019 | Qualitative | 3 partners of AYA cancer patients (19 to 20 years old) | Interviews on experiences of supporting an AYA with cancer | Moving closer to the patient increased costs for participants |
Friesen [42] | Canada, 2002 | Qualitative | 4 children, 1 mother, 1 sibling, and 2 partners of 3 AYA cancer patients (28 to 40 years old) | Interviews regarding the impact of the disease on the family, and their responses | Participants took on multiple jobs to increase income |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experience of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Participants moved closer to the patient, leading to additional costs |
McCarthy [46] | Australia, 2018 | Cross-sectional | 204 parent caretakers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | Information needs | 47% of participants needed financial support after treatment |
McNeil [45] | Finland, 2019 | Cross-sectional | 204 parent caretakers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | Self-developed questionnaire on financial impact Use of income support | 62% of participants had financial difficulties and 38% wanted support for this during treatment. 68% also wanted this after treatment. 32% had problems in receiving this support |
Mishra [30] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 5 partners, 1 parent, and 2 undefined caregivers of AYA cancer patients (20 to 39 years old) | Interviews to examine the experiences of cancer as an informal caregiver | Participants reported financial burdens due to the disease |
Nightingale [38] | USA, 2021 | Qualitative | 23 parents and 1 grandparent of AYA cancer patients (15 to 39 years old) | Interviews eliciting understanding and experiences of financial aspects of cancer | Participants reported many financial issues due to disease-related expenses. They shielded their AYA from this burden |
Stevens [17] | UK, 2018 | Mixed-method | 14 parents, 4 partners, 7 friends, and 4 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 24 years old) | Unmet needs in cancer services | Participants reported financial problems due to the disease |
3.6. Unmet Needs
First Author [Ref.] | Country, Year | Study Design | Participant Characteristics (Age of Patient at Diagnosis) | Outcome Measures | Summary of Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bogetz [35] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on communication, worries, information sharing, strengths and support | Participants reported various ways to cope with the disease |
Bogetz [40] | USA, 2022 | Qualitative | 22 parents of AYA cancer patients (14 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the processes by which parents adapted to child’s serious illness | Participants had preferences for support and felt the need to share their experience. They reported various ways of coping |
Cheng [31] | China, 2022 | Cross-sectional | 150 partners, 91 parents, and 41 other (siblings, children, or other relatives) caregivers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 39 years old) | Unmet needs (SPUNS-SFC) | Of the participants, at least 98.9% had one unmet need. Needs were positively associated with anxiety and depression |
Demiralp [18] | Turkey, 2010 | Qualitative | 2 spouses, 3 siblings, and 4 mothers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 38 years old) | Interviews to describe the personal experiences of family caregivers of patients with malignant tumors | Participants reported various ways to cope with the disease |
Gorman [26] | USA, 2020 | Qualitative | 25 male partners of female AYA cancer patients (24 to 39 years old) | Interviews on how patients and partners appraised and managed their sexual health and intimate relationships after cancer | Participants reported a preference for support for their sexual health |
Grinyer [24] | UK, 2006 | Qualitative | 9 mothers of AYA cancer patients (18 to 25 years old) | Interviews on the health of mothers coping with these issues | Participants wished for support on how to talk to the patient regarding sexuality |
Hodgson [48] | USA, 2021 | Cross-sectional | 5 parents, 2 partners, 10 spouses, and two other family members of AYA cancer patients (18 to 41 years old) | Distress (Distress Thermometer) Patient problems (Patient Problems List) Coping (Coping Strategies Inventory—Short Forms) | In participants, adaptive coping was related to less distress (B = −0.137, p < 0.05). An engaging coping style from patients was related to fewer patient problems for caregivers (B = −0.489, p = 0.014) |
Iannarino [19] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 14 spouses, 6 siblings, 4 partners, and 1 ex-partner of AYA cancer survivors (18 to 39 years old) | Interview questions were designed to elicit narrative examples of participants’ experiences of biographical disruption, their attempts to navigate altered relationships, and their evaluations of others’ support attempts following biographical disruption | Participants reported a need for understandable information for all ages and those not familiar with the healthcare system |
Jeon [22] | Australia, 2020 | Qualitative | 3 caregivers of AYA cancer patients (aged 29 to 35 years old) | Explored sleep experiences of caregivers: perceptions of the nature and impact on sleep disturbances, potential ecological factors, and views on treatment options | Participants reported various ways to cope with the disease |
McCarthy [46] | Australia, 2018 | Cross-sectional | 204 parent caretakers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | Information needs Patient activation (PAM) | 50% of participants had information needs in any domain. 30% had support needs for themselves and the patient. They wanted to be able to discuss with the patient what is happening |
McNeil [45] | Finland, 2019 | Cross-sectional | 204 parent caretakers of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | Self-developed questionnaire on financial impact Use of income support Education and work impact Demographics and clinical variables | 38% wanted income support during treatment. 68% of them also wanted this support after treatment completion. 32% had difficulty receiving financial support due to multiple reasons |
Mishra [30] | USA, 2018 | Qualitative | 5 partners, 1 parent, and 2 undefined caregivers of AYA cancer patients (20 to 39 years old) | Interviews to examine the experiences of cancer for an informal caregiver | Participants reported various ways of coping. They had a need for information on multiple domains |
Nightingale [38] | USA, 2021 | Qualitative | 23 parents and 1 grandparent of AYA cancer patients (15 to 39 years old) | Interviews eliciting understanding and experiences of financial aspects of cancer | Participants had a need for financial support and information. They had many ways to cope with the financial issues |
Sawyer [47] | Australia, 2017 | Cross-sectional | 204 parents of AYA cancer patients (15 to 25 years old) | Service needed (AYA Hope/CNQ-PC) Post-traumatic stress (PCL-S) | Participants had a need to talk to a social worker, and wanted a peer support group and religious counselling |
Stevens [17] | UK, 2018 | Mixed-method | 14 parents, 4 partners, 7 friends, and 4 other caregivers of AYA cancer patients (16 to 24 years old) | Unmet needs in cancer services | There was a need for support in all domains of life among these participants. They wanted face-to-face guidance from the hospital |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Reuvers, M.J.P.; Gedik, A.; Way, K.M.; Elbersen-van de Stadt, S.M.; van der Graaf, W.T.A.; Husson, O. Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs. Cancers 2023, 15, 3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123263
Reuvers MJP, Gedik A, Way KM, Elbersen-van de Stadt SM, van der Graaf WTA, Husson O. Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs. Cancers. 2023; 15(12):3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123263
Chicago/Turabian StyleReuvers, Milou J. P., Asiye Gedik, Kirsty M. Way, Sanne M. Elbersen-van de Stadt, Winette T. A. van der Graaf, and Olga Husson. 2023. "Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs" Cancers 15, no. 12: 3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123263
APA StyleReuvers, M. J. P., Gedik, A., Way, K. M., Elbersen-van de Stadt, S. M., van der Graaf, W. T. A., & Husson, O. (2023). Caring for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Cancer: A Scoping Review into Caregiver Burdens and Needs. Cancers, 15(12), 3263. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123263