Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
3. Results
3.1. Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
3.2. Fatigue
3.3. Quality of Life
3.4. Mental Health
3.5. Physical Fitness, Muscle Strength, Impact on Body Weight
3.6. Mortality and Longer Survival
3.7. Recurrence
Author (Ref.) | Type of Cancer, Number of Patients | Intervention Type, Intensity | Frequency, Duration | Main Findings |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singh B. et al. [3] | colorectal cancer (n = 670) | supervised and unsupervised aerobic and combined exercise | pre-treatment supervised: 1 session per week, unsupervised: 3–7 times per week for 4 weeks; during chemotherapy and post-treatment: from 1 to 7 sessions per week for 7 days to 6 months. | Superior to UC for: QoL, aerobic fitness, sleep, fatigue, reduced body fat, depression, upper-body strength (p < 0.05) |
An K-Y. et al. [8] | breast cancer (n = 301) | CARE | 25–30 min of aerobic exercise (n = 96), 50–60 min (n = 101), a combined dose of 50–60 min of aerobic and resistance exercise (n = 104), median of 17 weeks | The “combined” group was superior for: fatigue, upper and lower body endurance, body fat percentage—12-month follow up, CARE after chemotherapy may be optimal for longer-term health outcomes |
Cannioto R.A. et al. [9] | breast cancer (n = 1340) | DELCaP [38] | from minimum PAGAs (the MET [41] hour equivalent of 150 min to moderate intensity RPA per week) to exceeding the minimum recommended range | 1 year after diagnosis: reduction in recurrence and mortality |
Parker N.H. et al. [18] | pancreatic cancer (n = 50) | aerobic exercise, full-body strengthening exercises | 60 min/week—moderate intensity aerobic PA; 60 min/week of strengthening exercises, 7–25 weeks | Exercise recommendations for cancer survivors are important, but in order to reduce barriers to participation, further efforts are needed. |
Dieli- Conwright C.M. et al. [23] | breast cancer (n = 100), overweight and obese survivors | combined aerobic and resistance exercise | 16 weeks, 150 min of aerobic exercise with 2–3 days of resistance exercise training/week | Superior to usual care for QoL, fatigue, depression, muscular strength (p < 0.001). Three-month follow-up: outcomes remained improved. |
Li W et al. [26] | childhood cancer (n = 222) | adventure-based training program: ice-breaking and teambuilding games, shuttle runs, rock climbing, high- and low-level rope courses and descending | 4 training days: 2 weeks, 2, 4, and 6 months after randomisation | Significantly lower levels of CRF (p < 0.001), higher levels of physical activity (p < 0.001), QoL (p < 0.01) |
Jones T.L. et al. [27] | ovarian cancer (20 articles with sample sizes from 10 to 7022) | aerobic | 3 to 26-week intervention, from 75 min/week to 225 min/week | Higher health-related QoL, decreased levels of anxiety and depression, improvement in fatigue, physical and psychological health |
Galvao D. et al. [31] | prostate cancer with bone metastases (n = 103) | resistance, aerobic, flexibility exercise | 3 times per week, 60 min session, for 3 months | After 3 months—improved self-reported physical function, muscle strength. No changes for total body fat mass, fatigue (p = 0.964). |
Cataldi et al. [32] | breast cancer (n = 3) | each session: cardiorespiratory, resistance, flexibility, postural education exercises | 8-week programme, 60 min of exercise, 2 days per week | Measures of fatigue have decreased (p < 0.001), exercises improved physical fitness, functional capacity, capability to manage emotional life (p = 0.003), helped with dealing with the physiological and psychological side effects. |
Di Maso et al. [35] | prostate cancer (n = 777) | occupational and recreational physical activity and Mediterranean diet | 15-year follow-up | Intervention reduces mortality in PCa patients (due to lowering serum insulin levels, IGF and inflammation). |
Wang et al. [39] | non-metastatic prostate cancer (n = 10,864) | recreational physical activity, e.g., walking, bicycling, aerobics, dancing, jogging, tennis | MET-h/week < 3.5, 3.5–8.75, 8.75, ≤17.5, >17.5 | 37% lower risk of PCSM among men with lower-risk tumours (Gleason score 2–7, T1–T2, p = 0.02), 31% lower risk of PCSM (>17.5 vs. 3.5 ≤ 8.75 MET-h/week)—no difference observed by tumour risk category |
Dieli-Conwright C.M. et al. [40] | overweight and obese survivors of breast cancer (n = 100) | aerobic, resistance exercise | 3 times per week for 16 weeks | Improved levels of insulin, IGF-1, leptin, adiponectin, BMI, skeletal mass index. At 3-month follow-up, all variables remained improved. |
Tubiana-Mathieu N. et al. [42] | breast cancer (n = 138) | CPET, 6MWT- 6-min walk test | 6 min | 6MWT allows for the calculation of the required exercise intensity |
Watson G.A. et al. [43] | Colorectal cancer (n = 832, n = 573) breast, colon cancer (multiple systematic reviews) | aerobic and resistance training | 150 min of moderate intensity aerobic exercise in 3–5 sessions per week; resistance training—at least 2 days per week for 6–12 weeks | PA: reduces mortality and risk of recurrence in cancer survivors; improves QoL, allows maintaining a healthy weight, decreases fatigue. |
Rogers L.Q. et al. [44] | breast cancer (n = 222) | BEAT Cancer—physical activity behaviour change intervention | PA recommendations from American Cancer Society, 12 supervised exercise sessions for the first 6 weeks, then unsupervised home-based exercises, >150 min/week of moderate to vigorous PA, 3- and 6-month follow-up | BEAT Cancer was superior to usual care for improvement in sleep quality (p < 0.01) |
4. Discussion
5. Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Misiąg, W.; Piszczyk, A.; Szymańska-Chabowska, A.; Chabowski, M. Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review. Cancers 2022, 14, 4154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174154
Misiąg W, Piszczyk A, Szymańska-Chabowska A, Chabowski M. Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review. Cancers. 2022; 14(17):4154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174154
Chicago/Turabian StyleMisiąg, Weronika, Anna Piszczyk, Anna Szymańska-Chabowska, and Mariusz Chabowski. 2022. "Physical Activity and Cancer Care—A Review" Cancers 14, no. 17: 4154. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14174154