Lung Nodules Missed in Initial Staging of Breast Cancer Patients in PET/MRI—Clinically Relevant?
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. PET/MRI
- i.
- A transverse T2-w half Fourier acquisition single shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) sequence in breath-hold technique with a slice thickness of 7 mm (TE 97 ms; TR 1500 ms; turbo factor (TF) 194; FOV 400 mm; phase FOV 75%; acquisition matrix 320 × 240 mm; in plane resolution 1.3 × 1.3 mm; TA 0:47 min/bed position)
- ii.
- A fat-saturated post-contrast transverse 3-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence with a slice thickness of 3 mm (TE, 1.53 ms; TR, 3.64 ms; flip angle 9°; FOV 400 × 280 mm; phase FOV 75%; acquisition matrix 512 × 384, in-plane resolution 0.7 × 0.7 mm; TA 0:19 min/bed position)
- iii.
- A transversal diffusion-weighted (DW) echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence in free breathing with a slice thickness of 5.0 mm (TR 7400 ms; TE 72 ms; b-values: 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2, matrix size 160 × 90; FOV 400 mm × 315 mm, phase FOV, 75%; GRAPPA, acceleration factor 2; in-plane resolution 2.6 × 2.6 mm; TA 2:06 min/bed position.
2.3. Computed Tomography
2.4. Image Analysis
2.5. Standard of Reference
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Patient Based Analysis
3.2. Lesion Based Analysis
3.3. False Findings and Image Quality
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(A) | Correspond to Initial CT | |||
Missed Women with Lung Nodules Total | Benign Ratings | Follow-Up Needed | Sign of Malignancy | |
VIBE | 46/84 | 32/84 (38%) | 14/84 (17%) | 0/84 |
HASTE | 67/84 | 42/84 (50%) | 25/84 (30%) | 0/84 |
VIBE and HASTE | 45/84 | 31/84 (37%) | 14/84 (17%) | 0/84 |
(B) | Correspond to Follow-Up (MRI/CT) | |||
Follow-Up Needed Women Total | Benign Ratings | Further Follow-Up Needed | Sign of Malignancy | |
VIBE | 14/84 | 14/84 (17%) | 0/84 | 0/84 |
HASTE | 25/84 | 24/84 (29%) | 0/84 | 1/84 (1%) |
VIBE and HASTE | 14/84 | 14/84 (17%) | 0/84 | 0/84 |
(A) | Correspond to Initial CT | |||
Missed Nodules Total | Benign Ratings | Follow-Up Needed | Sign of Malignancy | |
VIBE | 96/163 | 59/96 (62%) | 36/96 (38%) | 1/96 (1%) |
HASTE | 138/163 | 74/138 (54%) | 62/138 (45%) | 2/138 (2%) |
(B) | Correspond to Follow-Up (MRI/CT) | |||
Follow-Up Needed Nodules | Benign Ratings | Further Follow-Up Needed | Sign of Malignancy | |
VIBE | 36/96 | 92/96 (96%) | 0 | 4/96 (4%) |
HASTE | 62/138 | 130/138 (94%) | 0 | 8/138 (6%) |
CT Total | VIBE | HASTE | |
---|---|---|---|
Localization (Quadrant):
| |||
40 | 23 (58%) | 34 (85%) | |
23 | 13 (57%) | 17 (74%) | |
52 | 30 (58%) | 44 (85%) | |
48 | 30 (63%) | 43 (90%) | |
Localization (lung tissue):
| |||
53 | 20 (38%) | 39 (74%) | |
55 | 33 (60%) | 47 (85%) | |
34 | 22 (65%) | 32 (94%) | |
21 | 21 (100%) | 20 (95%) | |
Contrast:
| |||
3 | 3 (100%) | 3 (100%) | |
27 | 12 (44%) | 24 (89%) | |
63 | 41 (65%) | 54 (86%) | |
70 | 40 (57%) | 57 (81%) | |
Density:
| |||
96 | 54 (56%) | 80 (83%) | |
47 | 29 (62%) | 40 (85%) | |
20 | 13 (65%) | 18 (90%) | |
Shape:
| |||
80 | 52 (65%) | 70 (88%) | |
54 | 27 (50%) | 43 (80%) | |
14 | 9 (64%) | 14 (100%) | |
1 | 1 (100%) | 1 (100%) | |
2 | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | |
12 | 6 (50%) | 9 (75%) |
Initial Imaging | FU Imaging | |
---|---|---|
Chest CT | 4.0 ± 0.3 (CI: 3.9–4.0) | 4.0 ± 0.3 (CI: 3.9–4.0) |
MRI VIBE | 3.5 ± 0.7 (CI: 3.4–3.6) | 3.4 ± 0.8 (CI: 3.3–3.6) |
MRI HASTE | 3.6 ± 0.6 (CI: 3.5–3.7) | 3.4 ± 0.7 (CI: 3.3–3.6) |
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Jannusch, K.; Bruckmann, N.M.; Geuting, C.J.; Morawitz, J.; Dietzel, F.; Rischpler, C.; Herrmann, K.; Bittner, A.-K.; Hoffmann, O.; Mohrmann, S.; et al. Lung Nodules Missed in Initial Staging of Breast Cancer Patients in PET/MRI—Clinically Relevant? Cancers 2022, 14, 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143454
Jannusch K, Bruckmann NM, Geuting CJ, Morawitz J, Dietzel F, Rischpler C, Herrmann K, Bittner A-K, Hoffmann O, Mohrmann S, et al. Lung Nodules Missed in Initial Staging of Breast Cancer Patients in PET/MRI—Clinically Relevant? Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143454
Chicago/Turabian StyleJannusch, Kai, Nils Martin Bruckmann, Charlotte Johanna Geuting, Janna Morawitz, Frederic Dietzel, Christoph Rischpler, Ken Herrmann, Ann-Kathrin Bittner, Oliver Hoffmann, Svjetlana Mohrmann, and et al. 2022. "Lung Nodules Missed in Initial Staging of Breast Cancer Patients in PET/MRI—Clinically Relevant?" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3454. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143454