Platelets Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Murine and Human Cancer Cell Lines
2.2. Murine Models of Ovarian Cancer and Drug Treatment
2.3. Platelet Isolation and Co-Incubation with Cancer Cells
2.4. Immunohistochemistry
2.5. Small Interfering RNA Transfection
2.6. Treatment of p65 Inhibitors
2.7. Western Blotting Analysis
2.8. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Platelets Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer In Vivo
3.2. Platelets Enhance PD-L1 Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells In Vitro
3.3. Platelets-Induced NF-κB and TGFβR1/Smad Signaling Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells
3.4. Elevated Platelet Counts Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Human Ovarian Cancer Tissues
3.5. Elevated Platelet Counts Enhance the Efficacy of Anti-PD-L1 Immunotherapy
3.6. Antiplatelet Drugs Reduce the Efficacy of Immunotherapy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cho, M.S.; Lee, H.; Gonzalez-Delgado, R.; Li, D.; Sasano, T.; Carlos-Alcalde, W.; Ma, Q.; Liu, J.; Sood, A.K.; Afshar-Kharghan, V. Platelets Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers 2022, 14, 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102498
Cho MS, Lee H, Gonzalez-Delgado R, Li D, Sasano T, Carlos-Alcalde W, Ma Q, Liu J, Sood AK, Afshar-Kharghan V. Platelets Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers. 2022; 14(10):2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102498
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Min Soon, Hani Lee, Ricardo Gonzalez-Delgado, Dan Li, Tomoyuki Sasano, Wendolyn Carlos-Alcalde, Qing Ma, Jinsong Liu, Anil K. Sood, and Vahid Afshar-Kharghan. 2022. "Platelets Increase the Expression of PD-L1 in Ovarian Cancer" Cancers 14, no. 10: 2498. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102498