Investigation of the Effect of KIR–HLA Pairs on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhotic Patients
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Patient Characteristics
2.2. HLA and KIR Genotyping in Patients with HCV-Induced Cirrhosis
2.3. Risk Factors for HCC Development in HCV-Induced Cirrhosis Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Population and HCC Surveillance
4.2. HLA Class I and KIR Typing
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Total (n = 211) | Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) (n = 147) | Patients without HCC (n = 64) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, y | 64 (46–78) | 63 (46–77) | 65 (45–80) | 0.110 |
Male, n (%) | 110 (52.1) | 84 (57.1) | 26 (40.6) | 0.027 |
Body Mass Index | 22.3 (17.6–29.8) | 22.2 (17.7–29.7) | 22.6 (17.2–33.5) | 0.417 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 (3.0–4.5) | 3.8 (2.9–4.5) | 4.1 (3.1–4.5) | 0.009 |
Bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 0.532 |
ALT, IU/L | 55 (20–200) | 56 (21–209) | 54 (17–201) | 0.177 |
Platelet count, ×109/L | 10.6 (4.8–21.6) | 10.2 (4.8–21.1) | 12.0 (5.0–22.4) | 0.033 |
Prothrombin time % | 84.7 (62.3–108.0) | 84.7 (58.4–104.9) | 84.8 (67.9–113.1) | 0.031 |
α-fetoprotein, ng/mL | 6.9 (1.5–41.8) | 9.2 (1.8–44.3) | 3.7 (1.2–30.8) | <0.001 |
Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin, mAU/mL | 18.0 (9.5–40.0) | 19.0 (9.2–40.9) | 13.0 (8.2–37.6) | 0.015 |
HCV RNA, log IU/mL | 6.5 (3.4–7.3) | 6.5 (3.3–7.3) | 6.4 (4.0–7.4) | 0.838 |
HCV genotype 1, n (%) | 180 (85.3) | 125 (85.0) | 55 (85.9) | 0.865 |
Interferon treatment, n (%) | 94 (44.5) | 67 (45.6) | 27 (42.2) | 0.649 |
Genetic Factor | Patients with HCC (n = 147) | Patients without HCC (n = 64) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HLA-Bw4 | 116 (78.9) | 41 (64.1) | 2.10 | 1.10–4.01 | 0.023 |
HLA-Bw4-80I | 97 (66.0) | 33 (51.6) | 1.82 | 1.00–3.31 | 0.048 |
HLA-Bw4-80T | 31 (21.1) | 12 (18.8) | 1.16 | 0.55–2.43 | 0.698 |
HLA-Bw6 | 132 (89.8) | 56 (87.5) | 1.26 | 0.50–3.13 | 0.623 |
HLA-C1 | 145 (98.6) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | 0.869 |
HLA-C2 | 19 (12.9) | 8 (12.5) | 1.04 | 0.43–2.51 | 0.932 |
KIR2DL1 | 147 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | - |
KIR2DL2 | 25 (17.0) | 7 (10.9) | 1.67 | 0.68–4.08 | 0.259 |
KIR2DL3 | 147 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | - |
KIR2DL4 | 147 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | - |
KIR2DL5 | 58 (39.5) | 29 (45.3) | 0.79 | 0.43–1.42 | 0.427 |
KIR2DS1 | 61 (41.5) | 28 (43.8) | 0.91 | 0.50–1.65 | 0.761 |
KIR2DS2 | 23 (15.6) | 8 (12.5) | 1.30 | 0.55–3.08 | 0.553 |
KIR2DS3 | 20 (13.6) | 12 (18.8) | 0.68 | 0.31–1.50 | 0.338 |
KIR2DS4 | 138 (93.9) | 58 (90.6) | 1.59 | 0.54–4.66 | 0.398 |
KIR2DS5 | 41 (27.9) | 19 (29.7) | 0.92 | 0.48–1.75 | 0.790 |
KIR3DL1 | 138 (93.9) | 61 (95.3) | 0.75 | 0.20–2.88 | 0.679 |
KIR3DL2 | 147 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | - |
KIR3DL3 | 147 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | - |
KIR3DS1 | 60 (40.8) | 29 (45.3) | 0.83 | 0.46–1.50 | 0.543 |
Genotype A/A | 72 (49.0) | 27 (42.2) | 1.32 | 0.73–2.38 | 0.363 |
Genotype B/x | 75 (51.0) | 37 (57.8) | 0.76 | 0.42–1.37 | 0.363 |
Genetic Factor | Patients with HCC (n = 147) | Patients without HCC (n = 64) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
KIR2DL1 + HLA-C2 | 19 (12.9) | 8 (12.5) | 1.04 | 0.43–2.51 | 0.932 |
KIR2DS1 + HLA-C2 | 9 (6.1) | 5 (7.8) | 0.77 | 0.25–2.39 | 0.650 |
KIR2DL2 + HLA-C1 | 24 (16.3) | 7 (10.9) | 1.59 | 0.65–3.90 | 0.309 |
KIR2DL3 + HLA-C1 | 145 (98.6) | 64 (100.0) | - | - | 0.869 |
KIR2DS2 + HLA-C1 | 22 (15.0) | 8 (12.5) | 1.23 | 0.52–2.94 | 0.637 |
KIR3DL1 + HLA-Bw4 | 112 (76.2) | 39 (60.9) | 2.05 | 1.09–3.85 | 0.024 |
KIR3DL1 + HLA-Bw4-80I | 94 (63.9) | 31 (48.4) | 1.89 | 1.04–3.42 | 0.035 |
KIR3DL1 + HLA-Bw4-80T | 30 (20.4) | 12 (18.8) | 1.11 | 0.53–2.34 | 0.782 |
Factor | HR | 95% CI | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Sex, female vs. male | 1.56 | 1.12–2.17 | 0.009 |
AFP (ng/mL), ≤5.6 vs. > 5.6 | 1.56 | 1.10–2.20 | 0.011 |
KIR3DL1 + HLA-Bw4, negative vs. positive | 1.69 | 1.15–2.48 | 0.007 |
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Umemura, T.; Joshita, S.; Saito, H.; Wakabayashi, S.-i.; Kobayashi, H.; Yamashita, Y.; Sugiura, A.; Yamazaki, T.; Ota, M. Investigation of the Effect of KIR–HLA Pairs on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhotic Patients. Cancers 2021, 13, 3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133267
Umemura T, Joshita S, Saito H, Wakabayashi S-i, Kobayashi H, Yamashita Y, Sugiura A, Yamazaki T, Ota M. Investigation of the Effect of KIR–HLA Pairs on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhotic Patients. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133267
Chicago/Turabian StyleUmemura, Takeji, Satoru Joshita, Hiromi Saito, Shun-ichi Wakabayashi, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Yuki Yamashita, Ayumi Sugiura, Tomoo Yamazaki, and Masao Ota. 2021. "Investigation of the Effect of KIR–HLA Pairs on Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhotic Patients" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3267. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133267