Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Subjects
2.2. Genetic Polymorphisms Analysis of MAO and COMT
2.3. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Assay
2.4. Cell Cultures and Cytotoxicity Assay
2.5. Real-Time qRT-PCR Analysis
2.6. Protein Extraction and Western Blotting
2.7. Immunohistochemistry
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characterization of Study Population
3.2. SNPs of MAO/COMT and Substance Use (BQ, Cigarette, and Alcohol) on Risk Assessment of Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers and OPMD
3.3. Gene–Gene Joint Effects of MAO/COMT SNPs on Risk Assessment
3.4. The mRNA and Protein Levels of MAO/COMT in Oral and Pharyngeal Cancerous Tissues and Non-Cancerous Tissues
3.5. Associations Between MAO/COMT mRNAs and Genetic Polymorphisms
3.6. Diagnostic Performance of MAO/COMT Biomarkers
3.7. Associations between MAO/COMT mRNA and BQ Use
3.8. MAOA Expression in Human Oral Epithelial Cells
3.9. MAOB Expression in Human Oral Epithelial Cells
3.10. COMT Expression in Human Oral Epithelial Cells
4. Discussion
Study Limitation
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers (n = 297) | OPMD (n = 40) | Control (n = 193) | p-Value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |||||
Demography and Substance use Factors | n | (%) a | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 53.97 ± 10.32 † | 50.83 ± 11.57 | 46.08 ± 12.94 | <0.001 *b | |||
Age group ≤ 50 (years) | 117 | (39.4) | 22 | (55.0) | 127 | (65.8) | <0.001 *c |
Age group > 50 (years) | 180 | (60.6) | 18 | (45.0) | 66 | (34.2) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.58 ± 4.07 | 26.52 ± 4.14 | 26.27 ± 27.74 | 0.668 b | |||
Ethnicity | |||||||
Minnan | 220 | (74.1) | 25 | (62.5) | 158 | (81.9) | 0.016 *c |
Non-Minnan | 77 | (25.9) | 15 | (37.5) | 35 | (18.1) | |
Marital status | |||||||
Unmarried | 41 | (13.8) | 7 | (17.5) | 13 | (6.7) | 0.027 *c |
Married | 256 | (86.2) | 33 | (82.5) | 180 | (93.3) | |
Education level | |||||||
Low (≤9 years) | 197 | (66.3) | 25 | (62.5) | 84 | (43.5) | <0.001 *c |
High (>9 years) | 100 | (33.7) | 15 | (37.5) | 109 | (56.5) | |
Alcohol drinking status | |||||||
Never | 71 | (23.9) | 13 | (32.5) | 96 | (49.7) | <0.001 *c |
Current or former | 226 | (76.1) | 27 | (67.5) | 97 | (50.3) | |
Age at starting drinking (years) | 22.61 ± 6.61 | 20.25 ± 3.95 | 20.68 ± 7.72 | 0.047 *b | |||
Years of drinking | 27.91 ± 10.81† | 27.22 ± 12.91 | 22.12 ± 11.35 | <0.001 b | |||
Former | |||||||
Age at quitting drinking (years) | 48.58 ± 11.55 † | 39.00 ± 12.61 | 38.47 ± 11.73 | <0.001 b | |||
Years of quitting alcohol | 8.86 ± 7.90 | 12.57 ± 14.49 | 7.44 ± 6.97 | 0.249 b | |||
BQ chewing status | |||||||
Never | 40 | (13.5) | 7 | (17.5) | 130 | (67.4) | <0.001 *c |
Current or former | 257 | (86.5) | 33 | (82.5) | 63 | (32.6) | |
Age at starting chewing (years) | 22.44 ± 6.39† | 22.66 ± 8.26‡ | 19.00 ± 4.86 | <0.001 *b | |||
Years of chewing | 24.61 ± 10.48† | 21.72 ± 9.64 | 19.97 ± 10.74 | 0.007 *b | |||
Average amount of chewing (quid) | 28.96 ± 27.12 | 40.43 ± 36.91‡ | 20.18 ± 14.31 | 0.006 *b | |||
Cumulative lifetime BQ use (pack-years) | 76.10 ± 89.07† | 86.24 ± 83.87 | 41.56 ± 37.10 | 0.016 *b | |||
Type of BQ material | |||||||
BQ with inflorescence of Piper betel Linn. | 27 | (10.5) | 3 | (9.1) | 13 | (20.6) | 0.093c |
BQ with Piper betel leaf | 186 | (72.4) | 23 | (69.7) | 35 | (55.6) | |
Mixed | 44 | (17.1) | 7 | (21.2) | 15 | (23.8) | |
BQ juice swallowing | |||||||
Swallowed | 109 | (42.4) | 15 | (45.5) | 9 | (14.3) | <0.001 *c |
Never swallowed | 148 | (57.6) | 18 | (54.6) | 54 | (85.7) | |
Former | |||||||
Age at quitting chewing (years) | 45.45 ± 11.49 † | 42.00 ± 8.82 | 36.84 ± 9.76 | <0.001 *b | |||
Years of quitting BQ | 10.15 ± 7.55 | 11.33 ± 9.31 | 9.60 ± 8.76 | 0.792 b | |||
Cigarette smoking status | |||||||
Never | 36 | (12.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 43 | (22.3) | 0.009 *c |
Current or former | 261 | (87.9) | 35 | (87.5) | 150 | (77.7) | |
Age at starting smoking (years) | 19.53 ± 4.02 † | 18.31 ± 3.81 | 18.29 ± 5.15 | 0.026 *b | |||
Years of smoking | 29.81 ± 11.42 † | 28.16 ± 11.56 | 24.21 ± 10.57 | <0.001 *b | |||
Average amount of smoking | 23.88 ± 13.73 † | 29.41 ± 16.74 ‡ | 15.51 ± 10.67 | <0.001 *b | |||
Cumulative lifetime cigarette use (pack-years) | 37.04 ± 25.83 | 41.52 ± 27.06 | 27.33 ± 19.49 | 0.066 b | |||
Former | |||||||
Age at quitting smoking (years) | 46.96 ± 11.87 † | 43.33 ± 13.50 | 38.74 ± 14.34 | 0.009 *b | |||
Years of quitting cigarette | 10.42 ± 9.69 | 17.83 ± 13.42 | 14.78 ± 13.03 | 0.076 b |
Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers (n = 297) | OPMD (n = 40) | Control (n = 193) | Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers vs. Control | OPMD vs. Control | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk Assessment | Risk Assessment | ||||||||||||
SNPs | BQ | n | (%) a | n | (%) | n | (%) | AOR | (95% CI) b | p | AOR | (95% CI) b | p |
MAOA | |||||||||||||
rs6323 | |||||||||||||
T | 98 | (33.0) | 10 | (25.0) | 89 | (46.1) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G | 199 | (67.0) | 30 | (75.0) | 104 | (53.9) | 1.98 | (1.23–3.20) * | 0.005 | 2.89 | (1.27–6.58) * | 0.012 | |
T | (−) | 14 | (4.7) | 5 | (12.5) | 57 | (29.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G | (−) | 26 | (8.8) | 2 | (5.0) | 73 | (37.8) | 1.72 | (0.77–3.87) | 0.187 | 0.37 | (0.07–2.01) | 0.247 |
T | (+) | 84 | (28.3) | 5 | (12.5) | 32 | (16.6) | 12.67 | (5.44–29.53) * | <0.001 | 1.95 | (0.45–8.54) | 0.374 |
G | (+) | 173 | (58.3) | 28 | (70.0) | 31 | (16.1) | 31.15 | (13.43–72.27) * | <0.001 | 12.77 | (3.61–45.20) * | <0.001 |
rs1137070 | |||||||||||||
C | 97 | (32.7) | 10 | (25.0) | 103 | (53.4) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
T | 200 | (67.3) | 30 | (75.0) | 90 | (46.6) | 2.37 | (1.47–3.81) * | <0.001 | 3.25 | (1.43–7.38) * | 0.005 | |
C | (−) | 14 | (4.7) | 5 | (12.5) | 70 | (36.3) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
T | (−) | 26 | (8.8) | 2 | (5.0) | 60 | (31.1) | 2.30 | (1.03–5.13) * | 0.043 | 0.52 | (0.10–2.86) | 0.455 |
C | (+) | 83 | (28.0) | 5 | (12.5) | 33 | (17.1) | 13.21 | (5.90–29.57) * | <0.001 | 2.32 | (0.56–9.67) | 0.249 |
T | (+) | 174 | (58.6) | 28 | (70.0) | 30 | (15.5) | 36.22 | (16.24–80.78) * | <0.001 | 15.47 | (4.67–51.26) * | <0.001 |
rs5906957 | |||||||||||||
G | 104 | (35.0) | 10 | (25.0) | 79 | (40.9) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
A | 193 | (65.0) | 30 | (75.0) | 114 | (59.1) | 1.67 | (1.03–2.71) * | 0.036 | 2.55 | (1.11–5.85) * | 0.027 | |
G | (−) | 15 | (5.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 48 | (24.9) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
A | (−) | 25 | (8.4) | 2 | (5.0) | 82 | (42.5) | 1.24 | (0.55–2.80) | 0.598 | 0.27 | (0.05–1.50) | 0.136 |
G | (+) | 89 | (30.0) | 5 | (12.5) | 31 | (16.1) | 10.70 | (4.57–25.03) * | <0.001 | 1.58 | (0.36–7.01) | 0.547 |
A | (+) | 168 | (56.6) | 28 | (70.0) | 32 | (16.6) | 24.15 | (10.44–55.89) * | <0.001 | 10.04 | (2.83–35.56) * | <0.001 |
MAOB | |||||||||||||
rs6324 | |||||||||||||
A | 74 | (24.9) | 4 | (10.0) | 157 | (81.4) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G | 223 | (75.1) | 36 | (90.0) | 36 | (18.7) | 13.00 | (7.35–22.98) * | <0.001 | 37.45 | (11.94–117.46) * | <0.001 | |
A | (−) | 5 | (1.7) | 1 | (2.5) | 108 | (56.0) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
G | (−) | 35 | (11.8) | 6 | (15.0) | 22 | (11.4) | 30.24 | (10.19–89.73) * | <0.001 | 29.73 | (3.33–265.50) * | 0.002 |
A | (+) | 69 | (23.2) | 3 | (7.5) | 49 | (25.4) | 35.34 | (12.14–102.86) * | <0.001 | 8.12 | (0.76–86.96) | 0.084 |
G | (+) | 188 | (63.3) | 30 | (75.0) | 14 | (7.3) | 307.03 | (97.43–967.54) * | <0.001 | 246.94 | (28.08–NA) * | <0.001 |
rs1799836 | |||||||||||||
C | 50 | (16.8) | 5 | (12.5) | 34 | (17.6) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
T | 247 | (83.2) | 35 | (87.5) | 159 | (82.4) | 1.36 | (0.75–2.47) | 0.309 | 1.97 | (0.68–5.73) | 0.213 | |
C | (−) | 5 | (1.7) | 2 | (5.0) | 19 | (9.8) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | |||
T | (−) | 35 | (11.8) | 5 | (12.5) | 111 | (57.5) | 1.46 | (0.47–4.59) | 0.513 | 0.44 | (0.08–2.53) | 0.354 |
C | (+) | 45 | (15.2) | 3 | (7.5) | 15 | (7.8) | 15.67 | (4.40–55.86) * | <0.001 | 1.93 | (0.25–14.87) | 0.530 |
T | (+) | 212 | (71.4) | 30 | (75.0) | 48 | (24.9) | 22.60 | (7.13–71.62) * | <0.001 | 6.32 | (1.21–33.08) * | 0.029 |
rs3027452 | |||||||||||||
A | 41 | (13.8) | 5 | (12.5) | 27 | (14.0) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G | 256 | (86.2) | 35 | (87.5) | 166 | (86.0) | 1.38 | (0.73–2.62) | 0.329 | 1.57 | (0.53–4.64) | 0.417 | |
A | (−) | 4 | (1.4) | 2 | (5.0) | 13 | (6.7) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
G | (−) | 36 | (12.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 117 | (60.6) | 1.14 | (0.32–4.13) | 0.841 | 0.26 | (0.04–1.59) | 0.145 |
A | (+) | 37 | (12.5) | 3 | (7.5) | 14 | (7.3) | 11.51 | (2.78–47.73) * | <0.001 | 1.38 | (0.17–11.12) | 0.765 |
G | (+) | 220 | (74.1) | 30 | (75.0) | 49 | (25.4) | 18.57 | (5.06–68.18) * | <0.001 | 4.00 | (0.73–22.03) | 0.112 |
COMT | |||||||||||||
rs4633 | |||||||||||||
T/T | 15 | (5.1) | 4 | (10.0) | 17 | (8.8) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
C/T | 91 | (30.6) | 7 | (17.5) | 81 | (42.0) | 1.05 | (0.40–2.76) | 0.920 | 0.30 | (0.07–1.26) | 0.100 | |
C/C | 191 | (64.3) | 29 | (72.5) | 95 | (49.2) | 1.86 | (0.74–4.71) | 0.189 | 1.06 | (0.29–3.81) | 0.931 | |
T/T+C/T | 106 | (35.7) | 11 | (27.5) | 98 | (50.8) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
C/C | 191 | (64.3) | 29 | (72.5) | 95 | (49.2) | 1.78 | (1.11–2.85) * | 0.016 | 2.65 | (1.19–5.88) * | 0.017 | |
T/T+C/T | (−) | 13 | (4.4) | 2 | (5.0) | 68 | (35.2) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
C/C | (−) | 27 | (9.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 62 | (32.1) | 1.82 | (0.81–4.07) | 0.145 | 2.55 | (0.47–13.92) | 0.280 |
T/T+C/T | (+) | 93 | (31.3) | 9 | (22.5) | 30 | (15.5) | 15.38 | (6.81–34.72) * | <0.001 | 10.12 | (1.84–55.53) * | 0.008 |
C/C | (+) | 164 | (55.2) | 24 | (60.0) | 33 | (17.1) | 27.14 | (12.16–60.56) * | <0.001 | 26.86 | (5.24–137.65) * | <0.001 |
rs9605030 | |||||||||||||
C/C | 177 | (59.6) | 16 | (40.0) | 115 | (59.6) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
C/T | 103 | (34.7) | 20 | (50.0) | 69 | (35.8) | 1.06 | (0.65–1.73) | 0.829 | 2.38 | (1.09–5.21) * | 0.030 | |
T/T | 17 | (5.7) | 4 | (10.0) | 9 | (4.7) | 1.07 | (0.38–3.00) | 0.904 | 3.29 | (0.81–13.36) | 0.096 | |
C/C+C/T | 280 | (94.3) | 36 | (90.0) | 184 | (95.3) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
T/T | 17 | (5.7) | 4 | (10.0) | 9 | (4.7) | 1.04 | (0.38–2.90) | 0.935 | 2.23 | (0.58–8.51) | 0.242 | |
C/C+C/T | (−) | 40 | (13.5) | 5 | (12.5) | 123 | (63.7) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
T/T | (−) | 0 | (0.0) | 2 | (5.0) | 7 | (3.6) | NA | 0.983 | 4.18 | (0.61–28.75) | 0.147 | |
C/C+C/T | (+) | 240 | (80.8) | 31 | (77.5) | 61 | (31.6) | 13.77 | (7.72–24.54) * | <0.001 | 12.58 | (3.98–39.83) * | <0.001 |
T/T | (+) | 17 | (5.7) | 2 | (5.0) | 2 | (1.0) | 31.57 | (6.10–163.34) * | <0.001 | 32.29 | (3.28–317.97) * | 0.003 |
rs9606186 | |||||||||||||
C/C | 22 | (7.4) | 3 | (7.5) | 23 | (11.9) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G/C | 125 | (42.1) | 12 | (30.0) | 84 | (43.5) | 2.28 | (1.03–5.02) * | 0.042 | 1.60 | (0.38–6.65) | 0.521 | |
G/G | 150 | (50.5) | 25 | (62.5) | 86 | (44.6) | 2.72 | (1.25–5.94) * | 0.012 | 3.29 | (0.84–12.88) | 0.087 | |
C/C+G/C | 147 | (49.5) | 15 | (37.5) | 107 | (55.4) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G/G | 150 | (50.5) | 25 | (62.5) | 86 | (44.6) | 1.41 | (0.89–2.24) | 0.144 | 2.29 | (1.08–4.84) * | 0.031 | |
C/C+G/C | (−) | 19 | (6.4) | 3 | (7.5) | 70 | (36.3) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
G/G | (−) | 21 | (7.1) | 4 | (10.0) | 60 | (31.1) | 1.44 | (0.66–3.13) | 0.364 | 1.53 | (0.32–7.27) | 0.594 |
C/C+G/C | (+) | 128 | (43.1) | 12 | (30.0) | 37 | (19.2) | 15.38 | (7.44–31.82) * | <0.001 | 8.13 | (1.93–34.27) * | 0.004 |
G/G | (+) | 129 | (43.4) | 21 | (52.5) | 26 | (13.5) | 22.13 | (10.23–47.84) * | <0.001 | 20.73 | (4.97–86.52) * | <0.001 |
Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers (n = 297) | OPMD (n = 40) | Control (n = 193) | Oral and Pharyngeal Cancers vs. Control | OPMD vs. Control | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk Assessment | Risk Assessment | |||||||||||||
SNPs | n | (%) a | n | (%) | n | (%) | AOR | (95% CI) b | p | AOR | (95% CI) b | p | ||
MAOA | MAOB | |||||||||||||
rs6323 | rs6324 | |||||||||||||
T | A | 19 | (6.4) | 2 | (5.0) | 74 | (38.3) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
G | A | 55 | (18.5) | 2 | (5.0) | 83 | (43.0) | 3.16 | (1.49–6.71) * | 0.003 | 1.05 | (0.14–7.98) | 0.962 | |
T | G | 79 | (26.6) | 8 | (20.0) | 15 | (7.8) | 22.53 | (8.96–56.70) * | <0.001 | 20.18 | (3.63–112.27) * | 0.001 | |
G | G | 144 | (48.5) | 28 | (70.0) | 21 | (10.9) | 30.32 | (13.07–70.35) * | <0.001 | 53.21 | (10.91–259.62) * | <0.001 | |
MAOA | MAOB | |||||||||||||
rs1137070 | rs6324 | |||||||||||||
C | A | 19 | (6.4) | 2 | (5.0) | 81 | (42.0) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
T | A | 55 | (18.5) | 2 | (5.0) | 76 | (39.4) | 3.28 | (1.53–7.01) * | 0.002 | 0.90 | (0.12–6.84) | 0.919 | |
C | G | 78 | (26.3) | 8 | (20.0) | 22 | (11.4) | 15.53 | (6.55–36.83) * | <0.001 | 12.37 | (2.31–66.20) * | 0.003 | |
T | G | 145 | (48.8) | 28 | (70.0) | 14 | (7.3) | 45.56 | (18.51–112.17) * | <0.001 | 70.59 | (14.17–351.78) * | <0.001 | |
MAOA | COMT | |||||||||||||
rs6323 | rs4633 | |||||||||||||
T | T/T+C/T | 44 | (14.8) | 5 | (12.5) | 42 | (21.8) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
T | C/C | 54 | (18.2) | 5 | (12.5) | 47 | (24.4) | 1.18 | (0.57–2.46) | 0.659 | 1.09 | (0.27–4.31) | 0.906 | |
G | T/T+C/T | 62 | (20.9) | 6 | (15.0) | 56 | (29.0) | 1.34 | (0.65–2.77) | 0.422 | 1.25 | (0.33–4.69) | 0.745 | |
G | C/C | 137 | (46.1) | 24 | (60.0) | 48 | (24.9) | 2.94 | (1.50–5.76) * | 0.002 | 4.74 | (1.54–14.57) * | 0.007 | |
MAOA | COMT | |||||||||||||
rs1137070 | rs4633 | |||||||||||||
C | T/T+C/T | 44 | (14.8) | 5 | (12.5) | 54 | (28.0) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
C | C/C | 53 | (17.9) | 5 | (12.5) | 49 | (25.4) | 1.47 | (0.72–2.99) | 0.293 | 1.26 | (0.32–4.90) | 0.744 | |
T | T/T+C/T | 62 | (20.9) | 6 | (15.0) | 44 | (22.8) | 2.02 | (0.99–4.14) | 0.053 | 1.63 | (0.44–6.10) | 0.465 | |
T | C/C | 138 | (46.5) | 24 | (60.0) | 46 | (23.8) | 3.57 | (1.86–6.82) * | <0.001 | 5.31 | (1.76–16.00) * | 0.003 | |
MAOB | COMT | |||||||||||||
rs6324 | rs4633 | |||||||||||||
A | T/T+C/T | 18 | (6.1) | 0 | (0.0) | 77 | (39.9) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | |||
A | C/C | 56 | (18.9) | 4 | (10.0) | 80 | (41.5) | 2.63 | (1.22–5.67) * | 0.013 | NA | |||
G | T/T+C/T | 88 | (29.6) | 11 | (27.5) | 21 | (10.9) | 15.19 | (6.30–36.60) * | <0.001 | NA | |||
G | C/C | 135 | (45.5) | 25 | (62.5) | 15 | (7.8) | 39.27 | (15.66–98.47) * | <0.001 | NA | |||
MAOA | MAOB | COMT | ||||||||||||
rs6323 | rs6324 | rs4633 | ||||||||||||
T | A | T/T+C/T | 8 | (2.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 34 | (17.6) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
T | A | C/C | 11 | (3.7) | 2 | (5.0) | 40 | (20.7) | 1.23 | (0.35–4.27) | 0.746 | NA | ||
G | A | T/T+C/T | 10 | (3.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 43 | (22.3) | 1.43 | (0.39–5.18) | 0.591 | NA | ||
G | A | C/C | 45 | (15.2) | 2 | (5.0) | 40 | (20.7) | 5.24 | (1.72–15.98) * | 0.004 | NA | ||
T | G | T/T+C/T | 36 | (12.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 8 | (4.2) | 17.76 | (4.69–67.25) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
G | G | T/T+C/T | 52 | (17.5) | 6 | (15.0) | 13 | (6.7) | 19.31 | (5.53–67.46) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
T | G | C/C | 43 | (14.5) | 3 | (7.5) | 7 | (3.6) | 36.43 | (9.08–146.12) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
G | G | C/C | 92 | (31.0) | 22 | (55.0) | 8 | (4.2) | 56.99 | (15.82–205.31) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
MAOA | MAOB | COMT | ||||||||||||
rs1137070 | rs6324 | rs4633 | ||||||||||||
C | A | T/T+C/T | 8 | (2.7) | 0 | (0.0) | 41 | (21.2) | 1.00 | (Reference) | 1.00 | (Reference) | ||
C | A | C/C | 11 | (3.7) | 2 | (5.0) | 40 | (20.7) | 1.44 | (0.41–5.03) | 0.570 | NA | ||
T | A | T/T+C/T | 10 | (3.4) | 0 | (0.0) | 36 | (18.7) | 1.74 | (0.48–6.33) | 0.404 | NA | ||
T | A | C/C | 45 | (15.2) | 2 | (5.0) | 40 | (20.7) | 5.68 | (1.85–17.42) * | 0.002 | NA | ||
C | G | T/T+C/T | 36 | (12.1) | 5 | (12.5) | 13 | (6.7) | 11.21 | (3.23–38.89) * | 0.001 | NA | ||
C | G | C/C | 42 | (14.1) | 3 | (7.5) | 9 | (4.7) | 35.29 | (9.09–136.95) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
T | G | T/T+C/T | 52 | (17.5) | 6 | (15.0) | 8 | (4.2) | 40.69 | (10.47–158.05) * | <0.001 | NA | ||
T | G | C/C | 93 | (31.3) | 22 | (55.0) | 6 | (3.1) | 78.62 | (20.37–303.45) * | <0.001 | NA |
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Chen, P.-H.; Wang, Y.-Y.; Lan, T.-H.; Chan, L.-P.; Yuan, S.-S. Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx. Cancers 2021, 13, 3268. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133268
Chen P-H, Wang Y-Y, Lan T-H, Chan L-P, Yuan S-S. Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3268. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133268
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Ping-Ho, Yen-Yun Wang, Ting-Hsun Lan, Leong-Perng Chan, and Shyng-Shiou Yuan. 2021. "Genetic and Proteinic Linkage of MAO and COMT with Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Cancers of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3268. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133268