HuRdling Senescence: HuR Breaks BRAF-Induced Senescence in Melanocytes and Supports Melanoma Growth
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ARE Containing mRNAs Are More Abundant in Melanoma Cells Compared to NHEMs
2.2. HuR (ELAVL1) Is Upregulated in Malignant Melanoma In Vitro and In Vivo
2.3. The Loss of miR-194-5p Expression in Melanoma Promotes the Upregulation of HuR
2.4. HuR Expression and Localization Changes in the Progression of MM In Vitro and In Vivo
2.5. The Knockdown of HuR Leads to Decreased Proliferative Capacity of Melanoma Cells In Vitro
2.6. HuR Knockdown Induces Senescence Characteristics in Human Melanoma Cells
2.7. HuR Overexpression in NHEM BRAFV600E Cells Is Capable to Bypass Oncogene Induced Senescence by Induction of an MITFhigh Phenotype
3. Discussion
4. Material and Methods
4.1. Cell Lines and Cell Culture Conditions
4.2. Lentiviral Transduction
4.3. siRNA Transfection
4.4. miRNA Mimic Transfection
4.5. mRNA + miRNA Expression Analysis
4.6. Subcellular Fractionation
4.7. Western Blotting
4.8. Immunohistochemical Analysis
4.9. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.10. Analysis of Cell Proliferation
4.11. Clonogenic Assay
4.12. Analysis of Apoptosis by Flow Cytometry
4.13. Analysis of Intracellular ROS Content by Flow Cytometry
4.14. Luciferase Assay
4.15. Senescence-Associated ß-Galactosidase Staining
4.16. Schematic Illustrations
4.17. Statistical Analysis
4.18. Patients’ Consent
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liebig, J.K.; Kuphal, S.; Bosserhoff, A.K. HuRdling Senescence: HuR Breaks BRAF-Induced Senescence in Melanocytes and Supports Melanoma Growth. Cancers 2020, 12, 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051299
Liebig JK, Kuphal S, Bosserhoff AK. HuRdling Senescence: HuR Breaks BRAF-Induced Senescence in Melanocytes and Supports Melanoma Growth. Cancers. 2020; 12(5):1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051299
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiebig, Janika K., Silke Kuphal, and Anja Katrin Bosserhoff. 2020. "HuRdling Senescence: HuR Breaks BRAF-Induced Senescence in Melanocytes and Supports Melanoma Growth" Cancers 12, no. 5: 1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051299