Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The Tumor Microenvironment Dysregulates NK Cell Functions
3. Strategies to Overcome the Tumor Microenvironment
3.1. CAR-NK Cell Therapy
3.2. Dominant Negative and Switch Receptors
3.3. Enhanced NK Receptors and Genetic Deletions
3.4. NK Checkpoint Inhibitors
3.4.1. NKG2A
3.4.2. KIRs
3.4.3. TIM-3
3.4.4. TIGIT
3.5. Engagers
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions and Future Considerations
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Design Strategy | Target | Tumor Model | Origin of NK Cell | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
NK-Centric CAR | Mesothelin | Ovarian carcinoma | iPSC-derived NK cells | [44] |
PSCA | Kidney cell transplant | YTS | [45] | |
Armored CAR | GD2 | Neuroblastoma | NK-T cells | [48] |
Inducible CAR | CD19 | Lymphoma | T cells | [49] |
Dominant Negative Receptors | TGF-β | Glioblastoma | Cord blood-derived NK cells | [61] |
TGF-β | Lung carcinoma | NK-92 | [62] | |
Switch Receptors | TGF-β | Neuroblastoma Hepatocellular carcinoma, Prostate carcinoma | Cord blood-derived NK cells | [63] |
TGF-β | NK-92 | [64] | ||
Chimeric NK cell receptors | NKG2DL | Neuroblastoma | Primary NK cells | [73] |
NKG2DL | Osteosarcoma | Primary NK cells | [74] | |
NKG2DL | Colorectal carcinoma | Primary NK cells | [75] | |
Enhanced Fcγ receptors | CD64/CD16A | Ovarian carcinoma | iPSC-derived NK cells, NK-92 | [84] |
CD16A | Ovarian carcinoma | iPSC-derived NK cells | [85] | |
Genetic Deletions | PD-1 | Ovarian carcinoma | Primary NK cells | [86] |
Checkpoint Blockade | NKG2A | Head and neck carcinoma | - | [92] |
TIM-3 | Lung adenocarcinoma, Melanoma | - | [100,101] | |
TIGIT | Ovarian carcinoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma | - | [105,106] | |
BiKEs and TriKEs | CD33 | Myelodysplastic syndrome | - | [107,108] |
CD33 | Acute myeloid leukemia | - | [109] | |
B7-H3 | Ovarian carcinoma | - | [110] | |
EpCAM | Colorectal carcinoma | - | [111] |
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Navin, I.; Lam, M.T.; Parihar, R. Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers 2020, 12, 3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123871
Navin I, Lam MT, Parihar R. Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123871
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavin, Ishwar, Michael T. Lam, and Robin Parihar. 2020. "Design and Implementation of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy to Overcome the Solid Tumor Microenvironment" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3871. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123871