Pain Management in Childhood Leukemia: Diagnosis and Available Analgesic Treatments
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Prevalence of Pain in Childhood Leukemia
2. Pathogenesis of Pain in Childhood Leukemia
3. Pain Assessment in Children
4. Indications and Limits of Currently Available Analgesics for Children
5. Treatment of Pediatric Cancer-Related Neuropathic Pain
6. Osteonecrosis in Childhood Leukemia: Treatment Strategies and Role of Biphosphonates (BPs)
7. The Experience of Pain and Impact on Quality of Life
8. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Precis for Use in the Table of Contents
References
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Drug | EMA (Europe) | FDA (U.S.) |
---|---|---|
NSAIDs/APAP | ||
Diclofenac | 6 yrs | Not authorized |
Ibuprofen | 3 mo | 6 mo. |
Ketoprofen | >20 kg | Not authorized |
Naproxen | 1 yr and >10 kg | 2 yrs (rheumatoid arthritis) |
Metamizole | 4 mo. a | Not authorized (removed from U.S. market in 1977) |
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) | Neonates | Neonates |
Opioids | ||
Codeine/acetaminophen | 12 yrs | 12 yrs |
Tramadol | 1 yr and >10 kg | 12 yrs |
Morphine | Neonates | Not authorized |
Oxycodone | 12 yrs | 11 yrs (extended release) |
Tapentadol | 2 yrs | Not authorized |
Methadone | Not authorized | Not authorized |
TTS Fentanyl | 2 yrs | 2 yrs |
TTS Buprenorphine | 18 yrs | 16 yrs (subdermal implant for opioid dependence) |
Anticonvulsants | ||
Gabapentin | 6 yrs | 3 yrs b |
Pregabalin | Not authorized | 1 mo (as adjunctive agent for treatment of partial seizure) |
Antidepressants | ||
Duloxetine | Not authorized c | 7 yrs or 13 yrs (7 yrs for generalized anxiety disorder, 13 yrs for fibromyalgia) |
Venlafaxine | Not authorized c | Not authorized |
Amitriptyline | Not authorized | 12yrs (depression) |
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Share and Cite
Coluzzi, F.; Rocco, M.; Green Gladden, R.; Persiani, P.; Thur, L.A.; Milano, F. Pain Management in Childhood Leukemia: Diagnosis and Available Analgesic Treatments. Cancers 2020, 12, 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123671
Coluzzi F, Rocco M, Green Gladden R, Persiani P, Thur LA, Milano F. Pain Management in Childhood Leukemia: Diagnosis and Available Analgesic Treatments. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123671
Chicago/Turabian StyleColuzzi, Flaminia, Monica Rocco, Rula Green Gladden, Pietro Persiani, Laurel A. Thur, and Filippo Milano. 2020. "Pain Management in Childhood Leukemia: Diagnosis and Available Analgesic Treatments" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123671