Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Cellular Reprogramming Is Prone to Errors
3. iPSCs as Whole-Cell Cancer Vaccines
3.1. Lessons From ESCs: The Immune Response to Pluripotent Cells
3.2. The iPSC-Elicited Immunogenic Response
3.3. What’s Behind the iPSCs-Elicited Immunogenic Response?
4. Potential Strategies to Refine iPSCs-Based Vaccines and Current Limitations
5. Conclusions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Cell of Origin | Reprogramming Conditions | iPSCs State | Local of Engraftment | Immunogenicity Test | Immune Response | Immunogenic Proteins | Tumor Targeted | Study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Fetal lung fibroblast line IMR90 | Lentivirus expressing 6F 1 | TTZ1 cell line | sc 2 | Teratomas | Tumor-specific IFN-γ-and IL-4-producing T cells | Oncofetal antigens | Colon carcinoma | [114] |
Mus Musculus | MEFs 3 | Retrovirus expressing 3F 4 and 4F 5, 4F non-integrative episomal vector | SSEA-1 | sc (hind leg) | Teratomas IFN-γ releasing assay in vitro | CD4+ helper T CD8+ cytotoxic T | Hormad1 Zg16 | na 6 | [115] |
Mus Musculus | Fibroblasts from FVB, C57BL/6J, and CBA/J mice | Codon-optimized mini-intronic plasmid containing 4F | SSEA-1 | sc (flank) | Teratomas | Increase in effector/memory helper T cells, mature DCs, IL-4-expressing B cells, TNF-α expressing myeloid cells; decrease in Tregs and Th17 cells | Oncofetal antigens | Breast cancer, melanoma, and mesothelioma tumor cells | [80] |
Mus Musculus | MEFs | Nucleofection with plasmid coding 4F | SSEA-1; Epcam, E-cadherin, NANOG, alkaline phosphatase | sc | na | Inflammatory monocytes, activated CD4+ T cells, memory CD4+ T and CD8+ T; tumor infiltrating DCs, NKs, inflammatory monocytes; decrease in Tregs and MDSCs | TAAs 7/TSAs 8 shared with CSCs 9 | Melanoma | [117] |
Homo sapiens | Fibroblasts | na | na | sc | na | Splenic APCs and cytotoxic T cells; circulating effector/memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells; tumor infiltrating CD8+ T cells; decrease in Tregs | TAAs/TSAs shared with CSCs | Lung cancer | [118] |
Mus Musculus | Tail-tip fibroblasts | Retrovirus expressing 3F | Endo factors; colony formation assays | sc | IFN-γ releasing assay in vitro | Increase in activated CD8+ and CD4+ T cells | TAAs/TSAs | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | [119] |
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Bernardes de Jesus, B.; Neves, B.M.; Ferreira, M.; Nóbrega-Pereira, S. Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers 2020, 12, 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123581
Bernardes de Jesus B, Neves BM, Ferreira M, Nóbrega-Pereira S. Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123581
Chicago/Turabian StyleBernardes de Jesus, Bruno, Bruno Miguel Neves, Manuela Ferreira, and Sandrina Nóbrega-Pereira. 2020. "Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy Using Induced Pluripotency Stem Cells-Based Vaccines" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3581. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123581