Acidification is an Essential Process of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Promotes the Anti-Cancer Effect on Malignant Melanoma Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Different Solutions on CAP-Induced Ca2+ Influx
2.2. CAP Causes a Decrease in pH but Acidic Solutions Have No Effects on Cytoplasmatic Ca2+ Level
2.3. CAP Causes a Lower Ca2+ Influx at Physiological pH Than Under Acidic Conditions
2.4. CAP-produced NOAlone Seems to Have No Effects on CAP-Induced Ca2+ Influx
2.5. An Acidic pH is Necessary For the Stability of Species That are Involved in the CAP-Induced Ca2+ Influx
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Plasma Device
4.3. Chemicals and Solutions
4.4. Ca2+ Imaging
4.5. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Detection of Reactive Species
4.6. Western Blot Analysis
4.7. pH Measurement
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Solution | PBS | ECS HEPES | ECS HEPES − Glucose | pbECS | pbECS + HEPES | ECS MOPS | pbECS − Ca2+ | pbECS − Ca2+ 3 × Buffered | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(M) | #1 | #2 | #3 | #4 | #5 | #6 | #7 | #8 | |
NaCl | 137.9 | 145.0 | 145.0 | 133.0 | 133.0 | 145.0 | 133.0 | 108.8 | |
KCl | 2.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 3.5 | 0.6 | |
Glucose | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||
KH2PO4 | 2.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 4.4 | ||||
Na2HPO4 | 7.0 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 8.1 | 24.2 | ||||
CaCl2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | |||
MgCl2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
EGTA | 10.0 | 10.0 | |||||||
HEPES | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | ||||||
MOPS | 10.0 |
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Schneider, C.; Gebhardt, L.; Arndt, S.; Karrer, S.; Zimmermann, J.L.; Fischer, M.J.M.; Bosserhoff, A.-K. Acidification is an Essential Process of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Promotes the Anti-Cancer Effect on Malignant Melanoma Cells. Cancers 2019, 11, 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050671
Schneider C, Gebhardt L, Arndt S, Karrer S, Zimmermann JL, Fischer MJM, Bosserhoff A-K. Acidification is an Essential Process of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Promotes the Anti-Cancer Effect on Malignant Melanoma Cells. Cancers. 2019; 11(5):671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050671
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchneider, Christin, Lisa Gebhardt, Stephanie Arndt, Sigrid Karrer, Julia L. Zimmermann, Michael J. M. Fischer, and Anja-Katrin Bosserhoff. 2019. "Acidification is an Essential Process of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Promotes the Anti-Cancer Effect on Malignant Melanoma Cells" Cancers 11, no. 5: 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050671