The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pituitary Adenomas Tumorigenesis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in Pituitary Adenomas by Tumor Type
2.1. Definitions–Mutation vs. Polymorphism
2.2. Brief Background on Mutations in Pituitary Adenomas
2.3. SNPs Found in PAs in General (Functional and Nonfunctional)
2.4. SNPs in Nonfunctional Pituitary Adenomas
2.5. SNPs in Functional Pituitary Adenomas
2.5.1. SNPs in Prolactin-Secreting PAs (Prolactinomas)
2.5.2. SNPs in Growth Hormone-Secreting PAs
2.5.3. SNPs in Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting PAs
2.5.4. SNPs in Other Hormone-Secreting PAs
3. Future Directions
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Functional Category | Gene | Tumor Type | SNP | Relevance |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tumor Suppressor | p53 | NFPA | rs1042522 C > G | Increased cell proliferation and vascularity |
TGF-B RII | PRL | rs2228048 G > A | Accelerated prolactinoma formation | |
Growth Factor Receptor | FGFR2 | NFPA | rs2981582 | Increased activation of pro-mitogenic/survival downstream effectors |
DRD2 | PRL | rs7131056 | Associated with extrasellar prolactinoma growth | |
FGFR4 | GHPA | G388R | Increased cell proliferation, increase O2 consumption, and disruption of normal GH feedback response | |
FGFR4 | ACTH-PA | G388R | Increased cell proliferation | |
GR | ACTH-PA | N363S A > G | Unclear, higher in ACTH-PA patients | |
N766N T > C | Unclear, higher in ACTH-PA patients | |||
GnRHR | FSH/LSH | Nucl 453 C > T | Associated with functional gonadotropic adenomas > nonfunctional | |
Cell Cycle Regulator | CCND1 | PRL-PA | G870A | Increased cell proliferation |
Promoter | KISS1 | GHPA | rs57802180 | Increased KISS1 expression increases GH release |
Drug-related | ABCB1 | PRL-PA | rs1045642 | Associated with central side effects in medically treated pts |
rs2032582 | Associated with central side effects in medically treated pts | |||
FGFR4 | GHPA | G388R | May modulate efficacy of somatostatin analog therapy | |
Miscellaneous | PHCDB1 | NFPA | rs67307131 T > C | Unclear, possible genetic marker |
AIP | GHPA | rs641081 Q228K | Associated with acromegalic patients > health controls | |
rs4930195 Q307R | Associated with acromegalic patients > health controls | |||
rs2066953 | Associated with acromegalic patients > health controls | |||
IGFBP3 | GHPA | A > C (unspec) | Unclear, possible association with need for postoperative medical therapy | |
MMP-1 | unspec | 1G/1G genotype | More frequent in invasive vs. non-invasive PAs | |
MMP-9 | unspec | rs3918242 C > T | Higher MMP-9 observed in invasive vs. noninvasive PAs |
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Shah, S.S.; Aghi, M.K. The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pituitary Adenomas Tumorigenesis. Cancers 2019, 11, 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121977
Shah SS, Aghi MK. The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pituitary Adenomas Tumorigenesis. Cancers. 2019; 11(12):1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121977
Chicago/Turabian StyleShah, Sumedh S., and Manish K. Aghi. 2019. "The Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Pituitary Adenomas Tumorigenesis" Cancers 11, no. 12: 1977. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11121977