SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Progenitor-Like BTSCs Display a Mesenchymal Expression Profile Associated with Over-Activated STAT3 and EMT Pathways
2.2. EMT Master Regulators Are Enriched in Progenitor-Like BTSCs
2.3. SLUG Is the Main EMT Master Regulator Directly Regulated by STAT3 in BTSCs
2.4. SLUG Overexpression Promotes BTSC Migration and Invasion Both In Vitro and In Vivo
2.5. SLUG Overexpression Leads to Shorter Survival In Vivo
2.6. SLUG Drives a Shift toward an Aggressive Progenitor-Like Precursor State
2.7. SLUG-Induced Transcriptional Changes Associate with Progenitor-Like BTSC Precursor State and Recurrence
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. BTSC Lines
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Immunoblotting
4.4. Real-Time Quantitative PCR
- ACTIN: F: CATGTACGTTGCTATCCAGGC; R: CTCCTTAATGTCACGCACGAT
- SNAI2: F: TCGGACCCACACATTACCTTG; R: AAAAAGGCTTCTCCCCCGTGT
- CDH1: F: CCCAATACATCTCCCTTCACAG; R: CCACCTCTAAGGCCATCTTTG
4.5. Transcriptomic Data
4.6. Signature Scores
4.7. Differential Genes Expression Analysis and Gene Ontology Analysis
4.8. Overexpression of STAT3 and SLUG in BTSCs
4.9. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP)
- STAT3: F: 5′CTCCCTGAGTTGGCTGTTCT3′; R: 5′GAGCCGTATCAGGGCATTTA3′
- GFAP: F: 5′TCCGAGAAGCCCATTGAG3′; R: 5′TGTGCTGCTTTTATCCCAAGA3′
- SLUG: F: 5′GCACCACATAAAAGCAGGGG3′; R: 5′GGGGGCAAGAGGTAACTGTC3′
4.10. Migration and Invasion
4.11. Intracranial BTSC Xenografts
4.12. MRI
4.13. Immunohistochemistry
4.14. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chesnelong, C.; Hao, X.; Cseh, O.; Wang, A.Y.; Luchman, H.A.; Weiss, S. SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells. Cancers 2019, 11, 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111635
Chesnelong C, Hao X, Cseh O, Wang AY, Luchman HA, Weiss S. SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111635
Chicago/Turabian StyleChesnelong, Charles, Xiaoguang Hao, Orsolya Cseh, Alice Yijun Wang, H. Artee Luchman, and Samuel Weiss. 2019. "SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111635
APA StyleChesnelong, C., Hao, X., Cseh, O., Wang, A. Y., Luchman, H. A., & Weiss, S. (2019). SLUG Directs the Precursor State of Human Brain Tumor Stem Cells. Cancers, 11(11), 1635. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111635