Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Contributed equally.
Cancers 2018, 10(6), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060196
Received: 7 May 2018
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Revised: 31 May 2018
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Accepted: 6 June 2018
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Published: 11 June 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FAK Signaling Pathway in Cancers)
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and its close paralogue, proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2), are key regulators of aggressive spreading and metastasis of cancer cells. While targeted small-molecule inhibitors of FAK and PYK2 have been found to have promising antitumor activity, their clinical long-term efficacy may be undermined by the strong capacity of cancer cells to evade anti-kinase drugs. In healthy cells, the expression and/or function of FAK and PYK2 is tightly controlled via modulation of gene expression, competing alternatively spliced forms, non-coding RNAs, and proteins that directly or indirectly affect kinase activation or protein stability. The molecular factors involved in this control are frequently deregulated in cancer cells. Here, we review the endogenous mechanisms controlling FAK and PYK2, and with particular focus on how these mechanisms could inspire or improve anticancer therapies.
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Keywords:
dimerization; miRNA; motility; anoikis; chaperon; PTEN; FIP200; LKB1; PI3K; regulation
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MDPI and ACS Style
Naser, R.; Aldehaiman, A.; Díaz-Galicia, E.; Arold, S.T. Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development. Cancers 2018, 10, 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060196
AMA Style
Naser R, Aldehaiman A, Díaz-Galicia E, Arold ST. Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development. Cancers. 2018; 10(6):196. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060196
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaser, Rayan, Abdullah Aldehaiman, Escarlet Díaz-Galicia, and Stefan T. Arold. 2018. "Endogenous Control Mechanisms of FAK and PYK2 and Their Relevance to Cancer Development" Cancers 10, no. 6: 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060196
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