Molecular Markers of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Reduced Concentration of Antineoplastic Drugs in Cancerous Cells
ATP-Binding Cassette Transporter (ABC)
3. Increased DNA Reparation Ability of Tumor Cells
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)/Base Excision Repair (BER)
4. Enhanced Tumor Survival and Routes of Dissemination
4.1. TP53
4.2. Fas/FasL
4.3. Complement System
5. Inactivation of Antineoplastic Drugs
5.1. HER1
5.2. Aurora Kinase A and B
6. EMT-CSC Involved in Treatment Resistance
7. Independent Molecular Markers of the Resistance Mechanism of Antineoplastic Drugs
8. Future Perspectives
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Genes | Methodology | Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reduced concentration of antineoplastic drugs in cancerous cells. | ||||
Friedrich | 2004 | MDR1, MRP1 and BCRP | Gene expression in primary SCC using IH and PCR. | MDR1 and MRP1 are co-expressed; MDR1 and BCRP are not co-dependent. Patient survival can be influenced by the altered expression of at least one of the genes implicated in chemotherapeutic resistance. |
Nakamura | 2005 | MDR1, MRP1 | Expression levels in CDDP-resistant/sensitive cell lines using in-house cDNA microarray (2021 genes originated from normal oral tissue, primary oral cancer, and oral cancer cell lines) and PCR. | Resistant cells have high MDR1 and low MRP1 expression. |
Suzuki | 2010 | MDR1, MRP1 and MRP2 | Gene expression analysis of single cell clones dissociated from primary tumors using PCR. | MDR1 was not expressed in any single cell clone from primary SCC tumor, although MRP1 and MRP2 were expressed. |
Genes involved in DNA repair | ||||
Quintela | 2006 | XPD, ERCC1 and XRCC1 | SNP detected using RFLP in DNA from peripheral lymphocytes of HNSCC patients. | The accumulation of polymorphic variants increases the probability of achieving a complete response. |
Ameri | 2016 | ERCC1 | Expression status determined using PCR in tumor samples. | Tumor samples with high ERCC1 expression showed no response to induction chemotherapy. |
Enhanced tumor survival and routes of dissemination | ||||
Cabelguenne | 2000 | TP53 | Gene status (mutations, allele loss) detected using PCR amplification in tumor samples. | P53 status may be a useful indicator of responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in HNSCC. |
Blons | 2004 | MMP3 | MMP1, MMP3, and MMP7 polymorphisms detected using PCR in tumor samples and blood. | A significant correlation between MMP3 polymorphism and response to chemotherapy. |
Nakamura | 2005 | CD55 | Expression levels in CDDP-resistant/sensitive cell lines using in-house cDNA microarray (2021 genes originated from normal oral tissue, primary oral cancer, and oral cancer cell lines) and PCR. | CD55 was overexpressed in the H-1R colony. |
Inactivation of antineoplastic drugs | ||||
Ansell | 2016 | AR, EPR and EGF | Response was evaluated by adding recombinant human proteins or siRNA-mediated downregulation of endogenous ligand production. | The amount of EGF strongly influences the tumor cell proliferation rate and response to cetuximab treatment. Proposed EGF as a potential predictive biomarker |
Pickhard | 2014 | AurkA and AurkB | IH in tissue samples. | Provide evidence that AurkA genotypically homozygous HNSCC cells respond to cetuximab monotreatment, whereas heterozygous cells do not. |
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López-Verdín, S.; Lavalle-Carrasco, J.; Carreón-Burciaga, R.G.; Serafín-Higuera, N.; Molina-Frechero, N.; González-González, R.; Bologna-Molina, R. Molecular Markers of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Cancers 2018, 10, 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100376
López-Verdín S, Lavalle-Carrasco J, Carreón-Burciaga RG, Serafín-Higuera N, Molina-Frechero N, González-González R, Bologna-Molina R. Molecular Markers of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Cancers. 2018; 10(10):376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100376
Chicago/Turabian StyleLópez-Verdín, Sandra, Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco, Ramón G. Carreón-Burciaga, Nicolás Serafín-Higuera, Nelly Molina-Frechero, Rogelio González-González, and Ronell Bologna-Molina. 2018. "Molecular Markers of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review" Cancers 10, no. 10: 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10100376