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Micromachines
Volume 11
Issue 12
10.3390/mi11121098
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Article

The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Rods on Bone Formation and Inflammation: A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Femora of Rats

by
Karoline M. Reich
1,2,
Petrus Viitanen
3,
Ehsanul Hoque Apu
4,5,
Stefan Tangl
1,2,* and
Nureddin Ashammakhi
6,7,8,9,*
1
Karl Donath Laboratory for Hard Tissue and Biomaterial Research, Division of Oral Surgery, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
2
Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
3
Institute of Biomaterials, Tampere University of Technology, 33101 Tampere, Finland
4
Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
5
Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
6
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland
7
Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
8
Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
9
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2020, 11(12), 1098; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121098
Submission received: 11 November 2020 / Revised: 7 December 2020 / Accepted: 10 December 2020 / Published: 12 December 2020
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Abstract

Implants made of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) are biodegradable and frequently provoke foreign body reactions (FBR) in the host tissue. In order to modulate the inflammatory response of the host tissue, PLGA implants can be loaded with anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of PLGA 80/20 rods loaded with the diclofenac sodium (DS) on local tissue reactions in the femur of rats. Special emphasis was put on bone regeneration and the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) associated with FBR. PLGA 80/20 alone and PLGA 80/20 combined with DS was extruded into rods. PLGA rods loaded with DS (PLGA+DS) were implanted into the femora of 18 rats. Eighteen control rats received unloaded PLGA rods. The follow-up period was of 3, 6 and 12 weeks. Each group comprised of six rats. Peri-implant tissue reactions were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated. The implantation of PLGA and PLGA+DS8 rods induced the formation of a layer of newly formed bone islands parallel to the contour of the implants. PLGA+DS rods tended to reduce the presence of multi-nucleated giant cells (MGCs) at the implant surface. Although it is known that the systemic administration of DS is associated with compromised bone healing, the local release of DS via PLGA rods did not have negative effects on bone regeneration in the femora of rats throughout 12 weeks.
Keywords: biodegradable; inflammation; foreign body reaction; multi-nucleated giant cells; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug biodegradable; inflammation; foreign body reaction; multi-nucleated giant cells; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
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MDPI and ACS Style

Reich, K.M.; Viitanen, P.; Apu, E.H.; Tangl, S.; Ashammakhi, N. The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Rods on Bone Formation and Inflammation: A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Femora of Rats. Micromachines 2020, 11, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121098

AMA Style

Reich KM, Viitanen P, Apu EH, Tangl S, Ashammakhi N. The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Rods on Bone Formation and Inflammation: A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Femora of Rats. Micromachines. 2020; 11(12):1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121098

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reich, Karoline M., Petrus Viitanen, Ehsanul Hoque Apu, Stefan Tangl, and Nureddin Ashammakhi. 2020. "The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Rods on Bone Formation and Inflammation: A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Femora of Rats" Micromachines 11, no. 12: 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121098

APA Style

Reich, K. M., Viitanen, P., Apu, E. H., Tangl, S., & Ashammakhi, N. (2020). The Effect of Diclofenac Sodium-Loaded Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Rods on Bone Formation and Inflammation: A Histological and Histomorphometric Study in the Femora of Rats. Micromachines, 11(12), 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi11121098

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