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Article

Experimental Study on Double-Sided Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Substrates for LED Devices

by
Zhihao Zhou
1,2,3,†,
Jiabin Wang
1,2,†,
Zhongwei Hu
1,2,*,
Pinhui Hsieh
3,* and
Xipeng Xu
1,2
1
Institute of Manufacturing Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
2
State Key Laboratory for High Performance Tools, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
3
Fujian Jing’An Opto. Electronics Co., Ltd., Quanzhou 362411, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Micromachines 2026, 17(2), 150; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020150
Submission received: 9 January 2026 / Revised: 18 January 2026 / Accepted: 21 January 2026 / Published: 23 January 2026
(This article belongs to the Section E: Engineering and Technology)

Abstract

As LED devices continue to advance toward miniaturization and higher power density, heat dissipation has become a critical factor constraining their reliability and service life. Molybdenum is widely employed as a substrate material in LED devices owing to its high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion. However, substrate applications impose stringent requirements on surface finish, flatness, and low-damage processing. Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) can effectively balance global and local flatness and serves as the final step in producing high-quality molybdenum substrate surfaces. To enable efficient and precise processing of molybdenum substrates, this study adopts an orthogonal experimental design for double-sided CMP to systematically investigate the effects of polishing pressure, polishing slurry pH, additives in the polishing slurry, and abrasive particle size on the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Sa). An optimal parameter combination was identified via weight-matrix optimization: a polishing pressure of 115 kPa, pH 11, H2O2 (0.5%) and glycine (5 mg/L) as additives, and an abrasive particle size of 0.6 μm. Under these conditions, the MRR reached 80 nm·min−1 and Sa decreased to 1.1 nm, yielding a smooth, mirror-like surface. The results indicate that multi-factor synergistic optimization can substantially enhance both surface quality and processing efficiency in double-sided CMP of molybdenum substrates, providing a process basis for applications in high-power LED devices.
Keywords: molybdenum substrate; double-sided chemical mechanical polishing; orthogonal experiment; process parameter optimization; surface quality molybdenum substrate; double-sided chemical mechanical polishing; orthogonal experiment; process parameter optimization; surface quality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhou, Z.; Wang, J.; Hu, Z.; Hsieh, P.; Xu, X. Experimental Study on Double-Sided Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Substrates for LED Devices. Micromachines 2026, 17, 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020150

AMA Style

Zhou Z, Wang J, Hu Z, Hsieh P, Xu X. Experimental Study on Double-Sided Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Substrates for LED Devices. Micromachines. 2026; 17(2):150. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020150

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhou, Zhihao, Jiabin Wang, Zhongwei Hu, Pinhui Hsieh, and Xipeng Xu. 2026. "Experimental Study on Double-Sided Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Substrates for LED Devices" Micromachines 17, no. 2: 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020150

APA Style

Zhou, Z., Wang, J., Hu, Z., Hsieh, P., & Xu, X. (2026). Experimental Study on Double-Sided Chemical Mechanical Polishing of Molybdenum Substrates for LED Devices. Micromachines, 17(2), 150. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17020150

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