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Micromachines
Volume 16
Issue 7
10.3390/mi16070795
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Article

A Novel Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with a Multi-Layered Structure for Wind Energy Harvesting and Wind Vector Monitoring

by
Jiaqing Niu
1,
Ribin Hu
1,
Ming Li
1,2,
Luying Zhang
1,
Bei Xu
3,
Yaqi Zhang
3,
Yi Luo
3,
Jiang Ding
1,* and
Qingshan Duan
3,*
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2
Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Center for High-Entropy Energy and Systems, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
3
School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(7), 795; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070795
Submission received: 19 June 2025 / Revised: 1 July 2025 / Accepted: 3 July 2025 / Published: 8 July 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Self-Tuning and Self-Powered Energy Harvesting Devices)
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Abstract

High-efficiency wind energy collection and precise wind vector monitoring are crucial for sustainable energy applications, smart agriculture, and environmental management. A novel multi-layered triboelectric–electromagnetic hybrid generator (TEHG) for broadband wind energy collection and wind vector monitoring was built. The TEHG comprises three functional layers corresponding to three modules: a soft-contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (S-TEHG), an electromagnetic generator (EMG), and eight flow-induced vibration triboelectric nanogenerators (F-TENGs), which are arranged in a circular array to enable low-wind-speed energy harvesting and multi-directional wind vector monitoring. The TEHG achieves broadband energy harvesting and demonstrates exceptional stability, maintaining a consistent electrical output after 3 h of continuous operation. The EMG charges a 1 mF capacitor to 1.5 V 738 times faster than conventional methods by a boost converter. The TEHG operates for 17.5 s to power a thermohygrometer for 103 s, achieving an average output power of 1.87 W with a power density of 11.2 W/m3, demonstrating an exceptional power supply capability. The F-TENGs can accurately determine the wind direction, with a wind speed detection error below 4.5%. This innovative structure leverages the strengths of both EMG and TENG technologies, offering a durable, multifunctional solution for sustainable energy and intelligent environmental sensing.
Keywords: wind energy harvesting; triboelectric nanogenerators; electromagnetic generator; hybrid mechanism; multi-layered structure; environmental monitoring wind energy harvesting; triboelectric nanogenerators; electromagnetic generator; hybrid mechanism; multi-layered structure; environmental monitoring

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Niu, J.; Hu, R.; Li, M.; Zhang, L.; Xu, B.; Zhang, Y.; Luo, Y.; Ding, J.; Duan, Q. A Novel Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with a Multi-Layered Structure for Wind Energy Harvesting and Wind Vector Monitoring. Micromachines 2025, 16, 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070795

AMA Style

Niu J, Hu R, Li M, Zhang L, Xu B, Zhang Y, Luo Y, Ding J, Duan Q. A Novel Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with a Multi-Layered Structure for Wind Energy Harvesting and Wind Vector Monitoring. Micromachines. 2025; 16(7):795. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070795

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niu, Jiaqing, Ribin Hu, Ming Li, Luying Zhang, Bei Xu, Yaqi Zhang, Yi Luo, Jiang Ding, and Qingshan Duan. 2025. "A Novel Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with a Multi-Layered Structure for Wind Energy Harvesting and Wind Vector Monitoring" Micromachines 16, no. 7: 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070795

APA Style

Niu, J., Hu, R., Li, M., Zhang, L., Xu, B., Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Ding, J., & Duan, Q. (2025). A Novel Triboelectric–Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator with a Multi-Layered Structure for Wind Energy Harvesting and Wind Vector Monitoring. Micromachines, 16(7), 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16070795

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