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Article

Hybrid Piezo–Electromagnetic Device Designed to Harvest the Vibrations of the Human Body

by
George-Claudiu Zărnescu
1,
Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu
1,* and
Ioan Stamatin
2
1
Laboratory of Sensors/Actuators and Energy Harvesting, National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
2
Faculty of Physics, 3Nano-SAE Research Center, University of Bucharest, Magurele, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(6), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060675
Submission received: 15 April 2025 / Revised: 28 May 2025 / Accepted: 30 May 2025 / Published: 31 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Energy Harvesting Technologies and Self-Powered Sensing Systems)

Abstract

This paper focuses on hybrid piezo–electromagnetic generators, which are assembled from a magnetic repulsion pad made of two disk magnets, a sliding cylindrical magnet placed inside a tube, a coil, and an assembly of piezoelectric elements connected with the magnetic pad, as well as an electronic system for rectification and voltage adjustment. Four piezo–electromagnetic generators have been developed. Two linear generators without magnetic cores were tested and optimized for low-frequency (0.2 Hz…5 Hz) and low-amplitude body movements. The other two generators were also designed to handle high-vibration amplitudes to generate up to 2.22.5 W of power. An algorithm for the calculation and modeling of these hybrid generators is presented, as well as simulation models. In addition, an electronic hybrid voltage converter was realized. It was observed that the system harvesting efficiency was increased by adding a large capacitive buffer made of electrolytic capacitors after the Schottky diode rectifiers bridges. This capacitive buffer, together with the electronic pre-regulator, has the role of limiting the voltage to the desired input value and of being the first charging stage. Finally, in the second charging stage, an electronic converter is used to charge the supercapacitors.
Keywords: piezo–electromagnetic generators; magnetic repulsion; supercapacitors buffer; energy harvesting; electronic pre-regulator piezo–electromagnetic generators; magnetic repulsion; supercapacitors buffer; energy harvesting; electronic pre-regulator

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Zărnescu, G.-C.; Pîslaru-Dănescu, L.; Stamatin, I. Hybrid Piezo–Electromagnetic Device Designed to Harvest the Vibrations of the Human Body. Micromachines 2025, 16, 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060675

AMA Style

Zărnescu G-C, Pîslaru-Dănescu L, Stamatin I. Hybrid Piezo–Electromagnetic Device Designed to Harvest the Vibrations of the Human Body. Micromachines. 2025; 16(6):675. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060675

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zărnescu, George-Claudiu, Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu, and Ioan Stamatin. 2025. "Hybrid Piezo–Electromagnetic Device Designed to Harvest the Vibrations of the Human Body" Micromachines 16, no. 6: 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060675

APA Style

Zărnescu, G.-C., Pîslaru-Dănescu, L., & Stamatin, I. (2025). Hybrid Piezo–Electromagnetic Device Designed to Harvest the Vibrations of the Human Body. Micromachines, 16(6), 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060675

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