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Micromachines
Volume 16
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10.3390/mi16060656
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Article

Spectrum Fitting Approach for Passive Wireless SAW Sensor Interrogation Using Software-Defined Radio

by
Shihao Wang
1,
Qi Wang
1,
Guopeng Zhu
1,
Lei Liu
2,
Xinning Cao
1,
Tingxin Ren
1,
Yue Zhou
3 and
Hao Jin
3,*
1
Information & Telecommunications Company, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan 250013, China
2
State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan 250013, China
3
College of Information Science & Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2025, 16(6), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060656
Submission received: 30 April 2025 / Revised: 23 May 2025 / Accepted: 28 May 2025 / Published: 29 May 2025
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Abstract

Passive wireless surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are widely adopted for monitoring the safety status of industrial equipment due to their compact size and maintenance-free operation. Replacing traditional discrete-component interrogators with software-defined radio (SDR) architectures offers lower cost and greater flexibility. However, conventional frequency estimation methods often rely on iterative algorithms with high computational complexity, limiting their real-time applicability. This paper presents an SAW sensing system based on an SDR platform and a non-iterative spectrum-fitting method for SAW frequency measurement. The feasibility of the proposed method is theoretically analyzed, and its performance under different window functions and length of fast Fourier transform (FFT) configurations is evaluated through simulations and experimental measurements. The results demonstrate a favorable trade-off between time efficiency and SAW frequency measurement accuracy. Compared to traditional approaches, the proposed method reduces complexity while maintaining ± 3kHz peak-to-peak accuracy with only 4096-point FFT length according to experimental results.
Keywords: SAW sensor interrogator; software defined radio; passive wireless sensing; spectrum fitting approach; SAW sensing SAW sensor interrogator; software defined radio; passive wireless sensing; spectrum fitting approach; SAW sensing

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, S.; Wang, Q.; Zhu, G.; Liu, L.; Cao, X.; Ren, T.; Zhou, Y.; Jin, H. Spectrum Fitting Approach for Passive Wireless SAW Sensor Interrogation Using Software-Defined Radio. Micromachines 2025, 16, 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060656

AMA Style

Wang S, Wang Q, Zhu G, Liu L, Cao X, Ren T, Zhou Y, Jin H. Spectrum Fitting Approach for Passive Wireless SAW Sensor Interrogation Using Software-Defined Radio. Micromachines. 2025; 16(6):656. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060656

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Shihao, Qi Wang, Guopeng Zhu, Lei Liu, Xinning Cao, Tingxin Ren, Yue Zhou, and Hao Jin. 2025. "Spectrum Fitting Approach for Passive Wireless SAW Sensor Interrogation Using Software-Defined Radio" Micromachines 16, no. 6: 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060656

APA Style

Wang, S., Wang, Q., Zhu, G., Liu, L., Cao, X., Ren, T., Zhou, Y., & Jin, H. (2025). Spectrum Fitting Approach for Passive Wireless SAW Sensor Interrogation Using Software-Defined Radio. Micromachines, 16(6), 656. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16060656

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