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Volume 12
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10.3390/mi12111302
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Article

Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface

by
Enran Hou
1,*,
Fuzhang Wang
2,3,
Essam Roshdy El-Zahar
4,5,
Umar Nazir
6 and
Muhammad Sohail
6,*
1
College of Mathematics, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
2
Nanchang Institute of Technology, Nanchang 330044, China
3
School of Mathematical and Statistics, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou 221018, China
4
Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 83, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Basic Engineering Science, Faculty of Engineering, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt
6
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Space Technology, P.O. Box 2750, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Micromachines 2021, 12(11), 1302; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111302
Submission received: 29 July 2021 / Revised: 10 October 2021 / Accepted: 21 October 2021 / Published: 23 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Newtonian Microfluidics)
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Abstract

Engineers, scientists and mathematicians are greatly concerned about the thermal stability/instability of any physical system. Current contemplation discusses the role of the Soret and Dufour effects in hydro-magnetized Carreau–Yasuda liquid passed over a permeable stretched surface. Several important effects were considered while modelling the thermal transport, including Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat generation/absorption. Mass transportation is presented in the presence of a chemical reaction. Different nanoparticle types were mixed in the Carreau–Yasuda liquid in order to study thermal performance. Initially, governing laws were modelled in the form of PDEs. Suitable transformation was engaged for conversion into ODEs and then the resulting ODEs were handled via FEM (Finite Element Method). Grid independent analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chosen methodology. Several important physical effects were explored by augmenting the values of the influential parameters. Heat and mass transfer rates were computed against different parameters and discussed in detail.
Keywords: viscous dissipation; chemical reaction; finite element procedure; hybrid nanoparticles; heat and mass transfer rates; joule heating viscous dissipation; chemical reaction; finite element procedure; hybrid nanoparticles; heat and mass transfer rates; joule heating

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MDPI and ACS Style

Hou, E.; Wang, F.; El-Zahar, E.R.; Nazir, U.; Sohail, M. Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface. Micromachines 2021, 12, 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111302

AMA Style

Hou E, Wang F, El-Zahar ER, Nazir U, Sohail M. Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface. Micromachines. 2021; 12(11):1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111302

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hou, Enran, Fuzhang Wang, Essam Roshdy El-Zahar, Umar Nazir, and Muhammad Sohail. 2021. "Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface" Micromachines 12, no. 11: 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111302

APA Style

Hou, E., Wang, F., El-Zahar, E. R., Nazir, U., & Sohail, M. (2021). Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface. Micromachines, 12(11), 1302. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi12111302

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