Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Compiling the Venom Components of Colubrid Snakes
2.2. Major Snake Venom Enzymatic Components
2.3. Major Snake Venom Non-Enzymatic Components
2.4. Minor or Arguably Actual Venom Components
2.5. Putative New Snake Toxins Suggested from Colubrid Venoms
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Original Transcriptomic Data
4.1.1. Animals
4.1.2. RNA-Seq
4.1.3. Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) Generation
4.2. Public Database Sequence Retrieval
4.3. Sequence Comparisons and Evolutionary Analyses
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Species | Enzymatic | Non-Enzymatic | Reference | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LAAO | PLA2 (IA) | SVMP | SVSP | 3FTx | CNP | CRISP | CTL | DEFEN | KUN-1 | KUN-2 | ||
Boiga dendrophila | B | [42,43] | ||||||||||
Boiga irregularis | TPB | TPB | T | TP | T | t | [12,44,45] | |||||
Borikenophis portoricensis | B | BP | [46,47] | |||||||||
Cerberus rynchops | TP | TP | TP | [48] | ||||||||
Coelognathus radiatus | B | [49] | ||||||||||
Dispholidus typus | xP | x | x | [50,51,52] | ||||||||
Erythrolamprus miliaris | T | t | T | T | This work; [50] | |||||||
Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus | x | x | x | x | [50,51] | |||||||
Helicops angulatus | BP | [53] | ||||||||||
Hypsiglena sp. | TP | T | T | TP | TP | t | [13] | |||||
Hypsiglena torquata | P | [54] | ||||||||||
Leoiheterodon madagascarensis | x | x | x | [50] | ||||||||
Macropisthodon rudis | t | [55] | ||||||||||
Opheodrys aestivus | x | t | t | t | [9] | |||||||
Oxybelis fulgidus | B | [56] | ||||||||||
Oxyrhopus guibei | T | t | T | T | t | This work | ||||||
Phalotris mertensi | TP | T | tP | t | t | t | T | TP | TP | [57] | ||
Pantherophis guttatus | t | x | t | t | t | [9] | ||||||
Philodryas baroni | P | [54] | ||||||||||
Philodryas chamissonis | x | x | x | x | x | [58] | ||||||
Philodryas olfersii | xTP | xTP | T | xTP | TP | x | [51,59] | |||||
Philodryas patagoniensis | P | [54] | ||||||||||
Pseudoferania polylepis | x | x | x | x | [50] | |||||||
Rhabdophis tigrinus | x | x | t | [50] | ||||||||
Telescopus dhara | x | x | x | x | [50,51] | |||||||
Thamnodynastes strigatus | TP | t * | t | TP | TP | T | [60] | |||||
Thrasops jacksonii | x | x | x | [51] | ||||||||
Trimorphodon biscutatus | B | B | B | [54,61] | ||||||||
Xenodon merremi | T | T | T * | T | T | This work |
Species | Enzymatic | Non-Enzymatic | Reference | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5NUCLEO | AChE | DPP | FactV | FactX | HYAL | PDE | AVIT | bPLA2i | CVF | CYST | gPLA2i | KU-WA-FU | NGF * | OHA | VEGF-A ** | WAP | ||
Boiga dendrophila | [42,43] | |||||||||||||||||
Boiga irregularis | T | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | [12,44,45] | ||||||||
Borikenophis portoricensis | B | B | [46,47] | |||||||||||||||
Cerberus rynchops | [48] | |||||||||||||||||
Coelognathus radiatus | [49] | |||||||||||||||||
Dispholidus typus | [50,51,52] | |||||||||||||||||
Erythrolamprus miliaris | t | t | t | t | T | t | xt | This work; [50] | ||||||||||
Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus | x | [50,51] | ||||||||||||||||
Helicops angulatus | [53] | |||||||||||||||||
Hypsiglena sp. | t | tP | t | t | t | [13] | ||||||||||||
Hypsiglena torquata | [54] | |||||||||||||||||
Leoiheterodon madagascarensis | [50] | |||||||||||||||||
Macropisthodon rudis | t | [55] | ||||||||||||||||
Opheodrys aestivus | t | t | t | x | t | x | t | t | t | [9] | ||||||||
Oxybelis fulgidus | [56] | |||||||||||||||||
Oxyrhopus guibei | t | t | t | t | t | t | This work | |||||||||||
Phalotris mertensi | tP | t | t | t | tP | t | tP | t | T | [57] | ||||||||
Pantherophis guttatus | t | t | *** | t | t | *** | t | x | t | t | t | [9] | ||||||
Philodryas baroni | [54] | |||||||||||||||||
Philodryas chamissonis | [58] | |||||||||||||||||
Philodryas olfersii | t | T | x | [51,59] | ||||||||||||||
Philodryas patagoniensis | [54] | |||||||||||||||||
Pseudoferania polylepis | [50] | |||||||||||||||||
Rhabdophis tigrinus | x | [50] | ||||||||||||||||
Telescopus dhara | [50,51] | |||||||||||||||||
Thamnodynastes strigatus | t | t | [60] | |||||||||||||||
Thrasops jacksonii | x | [51] | ||||||||||||||||
Trimorphodon biscutatus | x | [54,61] | ||||||||||||||||
Xenodon merremi | t * | This work |
Species | Enzymatic | Non-Enzymatic | Reference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
svLIPA | PLA2 (IIE) | PLB | svMMP | EGFr | Lacta | LIPO | Vefico | ||
Boiga dendrophila | [42,43] | ||||||||
Boiga irregularis | t | t | t | t | [12,44,45] | ||||
Borikenophis portoricensis | [46,47] | ||||||||
Cerberus rynchops | TP | [48] | |||||||
Coelognathus radiatus | [49] | ||||||||
Dispholidus typus | x | x | [50,51,52] | ||||||
Erythrolamprus miliaris | t | T | T | This work; [50] | |||||
Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus | x | [50,51] | |||||||
Helicops angulatus | [53] | ||||||||
Hypsiglena sp. | t | [13] | |||||||
Hypsiglena torquata | [54] | ||||||||
Leoiheterodon madagascarensis | x | [50] | |||||||
Macropisthodon rudis | [55] | ||||||||
Opheodrys aestivus | t | t | t | [9] | |||||
Oxybelis fulgidus | [56] | ||||||||
Oxyrhopus guibei | t | T | t | t | T | T | t | This work | |
Phalotris mertensi | TP | t | tP | t | [57] | ||||
Pantherophis guttatus | t | t | t | [9] | |||||
Philodryas baroni | [54] | ||||||||
Philodryas chamissonis | [58] | ||||||||
Philodryas olfersii | t | T | t | t | [51,59] | ||||
Philodryas patagoniensis | [54] | ||||||||
Pseudoferania polylepis | x | [50] | |||||||
Rhabdophis tigrinus | TB | x | [50] | ||||||
Telescopus dhara | [50,51] | ||||||||
Thamnodynastes strigatus | TP | T | TP | [60] | |||||
Thrasops jacksonii | [51] | ||||||||
Trimorphodon biscutatus | x | [54,61] | |||||||
Xenodon merremi | This work |
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Junqueira-de-Azevedo, I.L.M.; Campos, P.F.; Ching, A.T.C.; Mackessy, S.P. Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective. Toxins 2016, 8, 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080230
Junqueira-de-Azevedo ILM, Campos PF, Ching ATC, Mackessy SP. Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective. Toxins. 2016; 8(8):230. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080230
Chicago/Turabian StyleJunqueira-de-Azevedo, Inácio L. M., Pollyanna F. Campos, Ana T. C. Ching, and Stephen P. Mackessy. 2016. "Colubrid Venom Composition: An -Omics Perspective" Toxins 8, no. 8: 230. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080230