Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study 1: Effects of Combined Administration of BTX-A and C3 Transferase on Muscle Mechanics
2.2. Study 2: Effects of C3 Transferase Alone on Muscle Mechanics and Structure
3. Discussion
3.1. Injection Protocols in Experimental Models and Clinical Comparisons
3.2. Addressing Muscle Atrophy and Growth Challenges
3.3. Muscle Mechanical Changes Induced by Combined Injection
3.4. Limitations and Future Directions
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Study 1: Assessment of Effects of Combined Administration of BTX-A and C3 Transferase on Muscle Mechanics
5.1.1. Injection Protocol
5.1.2. Surgical Procedure
5.1.3. Experimental Setup and Procedure
5.2. Study 2: Assessment of the Effects of C3 Transferase Alone on Muscle Mechanics and Structure
5.3. Data Processing
5.4. Statistical Analyses
6. Patents
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ANOVA | analysis of variance |
BTX-A | botulinum toxin type A |
CP | cerebral palsy |
ECM | extracellular matrix |
EDL | extensor digitorum longus |
EHL | extensor hallucis longus |
TA | tibialis anterior |
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Kaya Keles, C.S.; Akdeniz Dogan, Z.D.; Yucesoy, C.A. Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics. Toxins 2025, 17, 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050234
Kaya Keles CS, Akdeniz Dogan ZD, Yucesoy CA. Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics. Toxins. 2025; 17(5):234. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050234
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaya Keles, Cemre Su, Zeynep D. Akdeniz Dogan, and Can A. Yucesoy. 2025. "Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics" Toxins 17, no. 5: 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050234
APA StyleKaya Keles, C. S., Akdeniz Dogan, Z. D., & Yucesoy, C. A. (2025). Development and Preclinical Testing of a Novel Neurodenervant in the Rat: C3 Transferase Mitigates Botulinum Toxin’s Adverse Effects on Muscle Mechanics. Toxins, 17(5), 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17050234