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Volume 16
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10.3390/toxins16030154
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Article

The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens

by
Benjamin Kövesi
1,*,
Szabina Kulcsár
2,
Zsolt Ancsin
1,
Márta Erdélyi
1,
Erika Zándoki
2,
Patrik Gömbös
3,
Krisztián Balogh
1,2 and
Miklós Mézes
1,2,*
1
Department of Feed Safety, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent István Campus, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
2
HUN-REN-MATE Mycotoxins in the Food Chain Research Group, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
3
Agrobiotechnology and Precision Breeding for Food Security National Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2024, 16(3), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030154
Submission received: 20 February 2024 / Revised: 10 March 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 16 March 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Mycotoxins)
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Abstract

In the context of nephrotoxic risks associated with environmental contaminants, this study focused on the impact of mycotoxin exposure on the renal health of laying hens, with particular attention to oxidative stress pathways. Sixty laying hens were assigned to three groups—a control group (CON), a low-dose mycotoxin group (LOW), and a high-dose mycotoxin group (HIGH)—and monitored for 72 h. Mycotoxin contamination involved T-2/HT-2 toxin, DON/3-AcDON/15-AcDON, and FB1 at their EU-recommended levels (low mix) and at double doses (high mix). Clinical assessments revealed no signs of toxicity or notable weight changes. Analysis of the glutathione redox system parameters demonstrated that the reduced glutathione content was lower than that in the controls at 48 h and higher at 72 h. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased in response to mycotoxin exposure. In addition, the gene expression patterns of key redox-sensitive pathways, including Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and the AhR pathway, were examined. Notably, gene expression profiles revealed dynamic responses to mycotoxin exposure over time, underscoring the intricate interplay of redox-related mechanisms in the kidney. This study sheds light on the early effects of mycotoxin mixtures on laying hens’ kidneys and their potential for oxidative stress.
Keywords: T-2 toxin; deoxynivalenol; fumonisin B1; laying hens; multi-mycotoxin exposure; oxidative stress; aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr); nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2) T-2 toxin; deoxynivalenol; fumonisin B1; laying hens; multi-mycotoxin exposure; oxidative stress; aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr); nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (Nrf2)

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kövesi, B.; Kulcsár, S.; Ancsin, Z.; Erdélyi, M.; Zándoki, E.; Gömbös, P.; Balogh, K.; Mézes, M. The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens. Toxins 2024, 16, 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030154

AMA Style

Kövesi B, Kulcsár S, Ancsin Z, Erdélyi M, Zándoki E, Gömbös P, Balogh K, Mézes M. The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens. Toxins. 2024; 16(3):154. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030154

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kövesi, Benjamin, Szabina Kulcsár, Zsolt Ancsin, Márta Erdélyi, Erika Zándoki, Patrik Gömbös, Krisztián Balogh, and Miklós Mézes. 2024. "The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens" Toxins 16, no. 3: 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030154

APA Style

Kövesi, B., Kulcsár, S., Ancsin, Z., Erdélyi, M., Zándoki, E., Gömbös, P., Balogh, K., & Mézes, M. (2024). The Effects of T-2 Toxin, Deoxynivalenol, and Fumonisin B1 on Oxidative Stress-Related Genes in the Kidneys of Laying Hens. Toxins, 16(3), 154. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16030154

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