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Toxins
Volume 15
Issue 8
10.3390/toxins15080491
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Article

In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1

by
Maria Alonso-Jauregui
1,
Adela López de Cerain
1,
Amaya Azqueta
1,
Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus
1,†,
Ana Gloria Gil
1,
Elena González-Peñas
2 and
Ariane Vettorazzi
1,*
1
MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
2
MITOX Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Present address: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Työterveyslaitos, Topeliuksenkatu 41b, 00250 Helsinki, Finland.
Toxins 2023, 15(8), 491; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080491
Submission received: 5 June 2023 / Revised: 21 July 2023 / Accepted: 1 August 2023 / Published: 3 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Potential of Emerging Mycotoxins)
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Abstract

Mycotoxins are natural food and feed contaminants produced by several molds. The primary mode of exposure in humans and animals is through mixtures. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and sterigmatocystin (STER) are structurally related mycotoxins that share the same biosynthetic route. Few in vivo genotoxicity assays have been performed with STER. In the present genotoxicity study, Wistar rats were dosed orally with STER (20 mg/kg b.w.), AFB1 (0.25 mg/kg b.w.) or a mixture of both in an integrated micronucleus (bone marrow) and comet study (liver and kidney). STER was dosed at the highest feasible dose in corn oil. No increase in the percentage of micronuclei in bone marrow was observed at any condition. Slight DNA damage was detected in the livers of animals treated with AFB1 or the mixture (DNA strand breaks and Fpg (Formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase)-sensitive sites, respectively). Plasma, liver, and kidney samples were analyzed with LC-MS/MS demonstrating exposure to both mycotoxins. General toxicity parameters (organs absolute weight, biochemistry, and histopathology) were not altered either individually or in the mixture. The overall absence of individual genotoxicity did not allow us to set any type of interaction in the mixture. However, a possible toxicokinetic interaction was observed.
Keywords: sterigmatocystin; in vivo; toxicity; genotoxicity; mixture; aflatoxin B1 sterigmatocystin; in vivo; toxicity; genotoxicity; mixture; aflatoxin B1

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MDPI and ACS Style

Alonso-Jauregui, M.; López de Cerain, A.; Azqueta, A.; Rodriguez-Garraus, A.; Gil, A.G.; González-Peñas, E.; Vettorazzi, A. In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins 2023, 15, 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080491

AMA Style

Alonso-Jauregui M, López de Cerain A, Azqueta A, Rodriguez-Garraus A, Gil AG, González-Peñas E, Vettorazzi A. In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins. 2023; 15(8):491. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080491

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alonso-Jauregui, Maria, Adela López de Cerain, Amaya Azqueta, Adriana Rodriguez-Garraus, Ana Gloria Gil, Elena González-Peñas, and Ariane Vettorazzi. 2023. "In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1" Toxins 15, no. 8: 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080491

APA Style

Alonso-Jauregui, M., López de Cerain, A., Azqueta, A., Rodriguez-Garraus, A., Gil, A. G., González-Peñas, E., & Vettorazzi, A. (2023). In Vivo Genotoxicity and Toxicity Assessment of Sterigmatocystin Individually and in Mixture with Aflatoxin B1. Toxins, 15(8), 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins15080491

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