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Article

Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda

by
Chengxian Sun
1,†,
Shunjia Li
1,†,
Kai Wang
1,
Hongqiang Feng
2,
Caihong Tian
2,
Xiaoguang Liu
1,
Xiang Li
1,
Xinming Yin
1,
Yanmei Wang
3,*,
Jizhen Wei
1,* and
Shiheng An
1
1
State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan International Laboratory for Green Pest Control, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
2
Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China
3
College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Toxins 2022, 14(10), 721; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721
Submission received: 28 August 2022 / Revised: 30 September 2022 / Accepted: 7 October 2022 / Published: 21 October 2022
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Abstract

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, causes substantial annual agricultural production losses worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Therefore, new insecticides are urgently needed to more effectively control FAW. Cyclosporin A (CsA) is a secondary metabolite of fungi; little is known about its insecticidal activity, especially for the control of FAW. In this study, we demonstrate that CsA shows excellent insecticidal activity (LC50 = 9.69 μg/g) against FAW through significant suppression of calcineurin (CaN) activity, which is a new target for pest control. Combinations of CsA and indoxacarb, emamectin benzoate, or Vip3Aa showed independent or synergistic toxicity against FAW; however, the combination of CsA and chlorantraniliprole showed no toxicity. Sublethal doses of CsA led to decreases in FAW larval and pupal weight, pupation, emergence, mating rates, adult longevity, extended development of FAW larvae and pupae and the pre-oviposition period of adults, and increases in the proportion of pupal malformation. Importantly, CsA treatment reduced FAW ovarian size and female fecundity, which suggests that it has great potential to suppress FAW colony formation. Taken together, these results indicate that CsA has high potential as an insecticide for controlling FAW.
Keywords: CsA; combined toxicity; insecticidal activity; Spodoptera frugiperda; sublethal effect CsA; combined toxicity; insecticidal activity; Spodoptera frugiperda; sublethal effect

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sun, C.; Li, S.; Wang, K.; Feng, H.; Tian, C.; Liu, X.; Li, X.; Yin, X.; Wang, Y.; Wei, J.; et al. Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Toxins 2022, 14, 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721

AMA Style

Sun C, Li S, Wang K, Feng H, Tian C, Liu X, Li X, Yin X, Wang Y, Wei J, et al. Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Toxins. 2022; 14(10):721. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sun, Chengxian, Shunjia Li, Kai Wang, Hongqiang Feng, Caihong Tian, Xiaoguang Liu, Xiang Li, Xinming Yin, Yanmei Wang, Jizhen Wei, and et al. 2022. "Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda" Toxins 14, no. 10: 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721

APA Style

Sun, C., Li, S., Wang, K., Feng, H., Tian, C., Liu, X., Li, X., Yin, X., Wang, Y., Wei, J., & An, S. (2022). Cyclosporin A as a Source for a Novel Insecticidal Product for Controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. Toxins, 14(10), 721. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100721

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