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Volume 14
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Article

Indoxyl Sulfate Might Play a Role in Sarcopenia, While Myostatin Is an Indicator of Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis from the RECOVERY Study

by
Su Mi Lee
1,
Mi Yeun Han
2,
Su Hyun Kim
3,
Ran Hui Cha
4,
Seock Hui Kang
5,
Jun Chul Kim
6 and
Won Suk An
1,*
1
Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan 49201, Korea
2
Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Gwangmyeong 14353, Korea
4
Department of Internal Medicine, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea
5
Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea
6
Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Gumi Medical Center, CHA University, Gumi 39295, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2022, 14(10), 660; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100660
Submission received: 21 August 2022 / Revised: 16 September 2022 / Accepted: 21 September 2022 / Published: 23 September 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Uremic Toxins and Organ Damage)
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Abstract

Serum myostatin and indoxyl sulfate (IS) levels increase with kidney function decline and may function as uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related sarcopenia. Herein, we analyzed the association between serum myostatin and IS levels and sarcopenia in patients with CKD, by performing a post hoc analysis of baseline data extracted from the RECOVERY study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03788252) of 150 patients with CKD. We stratified patients into two groups according to the median value of myostatin (cutoff 4.5 ng/mL) and IS levels (cutoff 0.365 mg/dL). The proportion of patients with sarcopenia was higher in those with high IS levels but lower in those with high myostatin levels. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and handgrip strength (HGS) were significantly lower in patients with high IS levels but significantly higher in patients with high myostatin levels. IS levels showed a negative correlation with glomerular filtration rate (GFR), SMI, and HGS. However, myostatin levels were positively correlated with SMI and HGS, but not with GFR. Sarcopenia was independently associated with age and IS level after adjustment. Increased levels of serum total IS might play a role in sarcopenia, while increased levels of serum myostatin are associated with muscle mass in patients with CKD.
Keywords: chronic kidney disease; indoxyl sulfate; myostatin; sarcopenia chronic kidney disease; indoxyl sulfate; myostatin; sarcopenia

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Lee, S.M.; Han, M.Y.; Kim, S.H.; Cha, R.H.; Kang, S.H.; Kim, J.C.; An, W.S. Indoxyl Sulfate Might Play a Role in Sarcopenia, While Myostatin Is an Indicator of Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis from the RECOVERY Study. Toxins 2022, 14, 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100660

AMA Style

Lee SM, Han MY, Kim SH, Cha RH, Kang SH, Kim JC, An WS. Indoxyl Sulfate Might Play a Role in Sarcopenia, While Myostatin Is an Indicator of Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis from the RECOVERY Study. Toxins. 2022; 14(10):660. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100660

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lee, Su Mi, Mi Yeun Han, Su Hyun Kim, Ran Hui Cha, Seock Hui Kang, Jun Chul Kim, and Won Suk An. 2022. "Indoxyl Sulfate Might Play a Role in Sarcopenia, While Myostatin Is an Indicator of Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis from the RECOVERY Study" Toxins 14, no. 10: 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100660

APA Style

Lee, S. M., Han, M. Y., Kim, S. H., Cha, R. H., Kang, S. H., Kim, J. C., & An, W. S. (2022). Indoxyl Sulfate Might Play a Role in Sarcopenia, While Myostatin Is an Indicator of Muscle Mass in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Analysis from the RECOVERY Study. Toxins, 14(10), 660. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14100660

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