Antiparasitic Effects of Potentially Toxic Beetles (Tenebrionidae and Meloidae) from Steppe Zones
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Biological Material
5.2. Beetle Extracts
5.3. Bioassays
5.3.1. Nematicidal Activity
5.3.2. Antiprotozoal Activity
5.3.3. Fungicidal Activity
5.3.4. Ixodicidal Activity
5.4. Chemical Profiles of Organic Extracts
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Family | Species | N° | Fresh Weight (g) | Extract Weight (mg) | Yield (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tenebrionidae | Tentyria peiroleri | 33 | 4.96 | 100.70 | 2.03 |
Scaurus uncinus | 8 | 1.45 | 140.90 | 9.72 | |
Blaps lethifera | 3 | 2.43 | 537.90 | 22.14 | |
Meloidae | Mylabris quadripunctata | 24 | 2.74 | 78.50 | 2.87 |
Coleoptera | µg/µL | Mortality a % | Lethal Concentrations b | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Family | Species | LC50 µg/µL | LC90 µg/µL | ||
Tenebrionidae | Tentyria peiroleri | 1.00 | 2.00 ± 1.07 | ||
Scaurus uncinus | 1.00 | 0.00 | |||
Blaps lethifera | 1.00 | 0.71 ± 1.03 | |||
Meloidae | Mylabris quadripunctata | 1.00 | 97.00 ± 1.00 | 0.35 (0.33–0.37) | 0.65 (0.61–0.69) |
0.50 | 81.33 ± 1.72 | ||||
0.25 | 49.00 ± 4.00 | ||||
0.12 | 7.26 ± 3.38 | ||||
0.06 | 2.70 ± 1.66 |
Coleoptera | % Germination Inhibition Aspergillus niger a | % Mortality Hyalomma lusitanicum b | |
---|---|---|---|
Family | Species | ||
Tenebrionidae | Tentyria peiroleri | 9.52 ± 8.46 | 5.08 ± 2.89 |
Scaurus uncinus | 21.21 ± 8.69 | 11.67 ± 1.67 | |
Blaps lethifera | 8.65 ± 5.64 | 7.41 ± 3.73 | |
Meloidae | Mylabris quadripunctata | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 3.70 ± 1.91 |
Retention Time (min) | Area (%) | Compounds | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mylabris quadripunctata | Tentyria peiroleri | Scaurus uncinus | Blaps lethifera | ||
3.06 | - | - | - | 13.34 | 1-Tridecanol |
5.20 | 2.74 | - | - | - | Cantharidin |
7.41 | 1.18 | 1.72 | 0.21 | - | Myristic acid |
9.81 | - | 1.57 | 0.41 | - | Muskolactone |
10.07 | 9.45 | 10.32 | 7.49 | 7.79 | Hexadecanoic acid |
12.37 | 6.29 | 6.34 | 3.43 | 2.83 | Methyl linoleate |
12.45 | 21.76 | 23.22 | 15.58 | 10.58 | Muskolactone related |
12.71 | 5.03 | 5.10 | 2.95 | 1.91 | Octadecanoic acid |
12.81 | - | 1.55 | - | - | Ethyl oleate |
15.26 | 2.07 | 2.29 | 4.34 | 6.53 | Oleoamide |
16.87–35.60 | 35.58 | 41.79 | 61.47 | 50.76 | Alkanes and derivatives |
Treatment | Dose (µg/µL) | Growth Inhibition % a | Effective Concentrations b | |
---|---|---|---|---|
EC50 µg/µL | EC90 µg/µL | |||
EO | 0.400 | 66.23 ± 1.57 | 0.3090 (0.3090–0.3100) | 0.5471 (0.5466–0.5476) |
0.200 | 34.91 ± 1.11 | |||
0.100 | 6.85 ± 0.17 | |||
CTD | 0.025 | 97.76 ± 7.12 | 0.0085 (0.0084–0.0085) | 0.0287 (0.0286–0.0287) |
0.010 | 75.18 ± 5.33 | |||
0.005 | 45.63 ± 7.40 | |||
0.001 | 0 |
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Díaz-Navarro, M.; Bolívar, P.; Andrés, M.F.; Gómez-Muñoz, M.T.; Martínez-Díaz, R.A.; Valcárcel, F.; García-París, M.; Bautista, L.M.; González-Coloma, A. Antiparasitic Effects of Potentially Toxic Beetles (Tenebrionidae and Meloidae) from Steppe Zones. Toxins 2021, 13, 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070489
Díaz-Navarro M, Bolívar P, Andrés MF, Gómez-Muñoz MT, Martínez-Díaz RA, Valcárcel F, García-París M, Bautista LM, González-Coloma A. Antiparasitic Effects of Potentially Toxic Beetles (Tenebrionidae and Meloidae) from Steppe Zones. Toxins. 2021; 13(7):489. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070489
Chicago/Turabian StyleDíaz-Navarro, Marta, Paula Bolívar, María Fe Andrés, María Teresa Gómez-Muñoz, Rafael A. Martínez-Díaz, Félix Valcárcel, Mario García-París, Luis M. Bautista, and Azucena González-Coloma. 2021. "Antiparasitic Effects of Potentially Toxic Beetles (Tenebrionidae and Meloidae) from Steppe Zones" Toxins 13, no. 7: 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13070489