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Review

A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2020, 12(4), 268; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040268
Submission received: 26 March 2020 / Revised: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 11 April 2020 / Published: 21 April 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyanobacterial Toxins: Their Occurrence, Detection and Removal)

Abstract

Microcystins (MCs) classified as hepatotoxic and carcinogenic are the most commonly reported cyanobacterial toxins found in the environment. Microcystis sp. possessing a series of MC synthesis genes (mcyA-mcyJ) are well documented for their excessive abundance, numerous bloom occurrences and MC producing capacity. About 246 variants of MC which exert severe animal and human health hazards through the inhibition of protein phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A) have been characterized. To minimize and prevent MC health consequences, the World Health Organization proposed 1 µg/L MC guidelines for safe drinking water quality. Further the utilization of bacteria that represent a promising biological treatment approach to degrade and remove MC from water bodies without harming the environment has gained global attention. Thus the present review described toxic effects and bacterial degradation of MCs.
Keywords: microcystins; toxicity and carcinogenicity; bacterial degradation; degrading mechanism microcystins; toxicity and carcinogenicity; bacterial degradation; degrading mechanism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Massey, I.Y.; Yang, F. A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation. Toxins 2020, 12, 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040268

AMA Style

Massey IY, Yang F. A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation. Toxins. 2020; 12(4):268. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040268

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massey, Isaac Yaw, and Fei Yang. 2020. "A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation" Toxins 12, no. 4: 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040268

APA Style

Massey, I. Y., & Yang, F. (2020). A Mini Review on Microcystins and Bacterial Degradation. Toxins, 12(4), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12040268

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