Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Headache
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chronic Migraine
3. History of Botulinum Toxin
4. Early Use of Botulinum Toxin in Headache
5. Modern Clinical Trials in Migraine
6. Mechanism of Action
6.1. Action of OBTA at the Cellular Level
6.2. Mechanisms for Extracranial OBTA to Affect Pain from the Dura
6.3. Blocking the Migraine Attack
7. Clinical Use
8. Current Place in Therapy
9. OnabotulinumtoxinA and the CGRP Antagonists
10. Other Headache Types
10.1. Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias and Nummular Headache
10.2. Trigeminal Neuralgia
10.3. Chronic Tension-Type Headache
10.4. Persistent Headache Attributed to Whiplash
10.5. Persistent Headache Attributed to Traumatic Injury to the Head
10.6. Temporomandibular Disorder
11. The Future
12. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Becker, W.J. Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Headache. Toxins 2020, 12, 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120803
Becker WJ. Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Headache. Toxins. 2020; 12(12):803. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120803
Chicago/Turabian StyleBecker, Werner J. 2020. "Botulinum Toxin in the Treatment of Headache" Toxins 12, no. 12: 803. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120803