Antitoxin ε Reverses Toxin ζ-Facilitated Ampicillin Dormants
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Experimental Rationale
2.2. Toxin ζ Induces a Slow-Growth Active State
2.3. Discrete Subpopulations of Toxin ζ Survivors and Amp Persisters
2.4. Transient Toxin ζ Expression and Amp Addition Reduce the Subpopulation of Persisters
2.5. Transient Antitoxin ε Expression Reverses ζ-Facilitated Exit of Amp Dormants
2.6. Toxin ζ Expression Induces Amp Dormancy in Non-Growing Cells
2.7. RecA Inactivation Does not Alter the Antitoxin Awake of Toxin and Amp Dormants
3. Conclusions
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bacterial Strains and Plasmids
4.2. Growth Conditions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strain | Relevant Genotype | Reference |
---|---|---|
BG214 | trpCE metA5 amyE1 ytsJ1 rsbV37 xre1 xkdA1 attSPβ, attICEBs1 | Lab. Collection |
BG1127 | + lacI, Phsp a, spc, [pCB799-borne xylR, PxylAε b, ermC, cat] | [38] |
BG1125 | + lacI, Phspζ a, spc, [pCB799-borne xylR, PxylAε b, ermC, cat] | [38] |
BG1125 | + lacI, Phspζ a, spc, [pCB1226-borne xylR, PxylAε b, cat] | This work |
BG1889 | + lacI, Phspζ a, spc, ΔrecA (recA:erm) [pCB1226-borne xylR, PxylAε b, cat] | This work |
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Moreno-del Álamo, M.; Marchisone, C.; Alonso, J.C. Antitoxin ε Reverses Toxin ζ-Facilitated Ampicillin Dormants. Toxins 2020, 12, 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120801
Moreno-del Álamo M, Marchisone C, Alonso JC. Antitoxin ε Reverses Toxin ζ-Facilitated Ampicillin Dormants. Toxins. 2020; 12(12):801. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120801
Chicago/Turabian StyleMoreno-del Álamo, María, Chiara Marchisone, and Juan C. Alonso. 2020. "Antitoxin ε Reverses Toxin ζ-Facilitated Ampicillin Dormants" Toxins 12, no. 12: 801. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120801