An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins

Schulz, Katharina; Pöhlmann, Christopher; Dietrich, Richard; Märtlbauer, Erwin; Elßner, Thomas

doi:10.3390/toxins11120696

Open AccessArticle

An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins

by

Katharina Schulz

^1,2,†

,

Christopher Pöhlmann

^1,†,

Richard Dietrich

²

,

Erwin Märtlbauer

^2,*

and

Thomas Elßner

^1,†

¹

Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany

²

Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schönleutnerstr. 8, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

^†

Present address: Bruker Optik GmbH, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.

Toxins 2019, 11(12), 696; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120696

Submission received: 31 October 2019 / Revised: 22 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 November 2019 / Published: 28 November 2019

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Abstract

Modern threats of bioterrorism force the need for multiple detection of biothreat agents to determine the presence or absence of such agents in suspicious samples. Here, we present a rapid electrochemical fiveplex biochip screening assay for detection of the bioterrorism relevant low molecular weight toxins saxitoxin, microcystin-LR, T-2 toxin, roridin A and aflatoxin B1 relying on anti-idiotypic antibodies as epitope-mimicking reagents. The proposed method avoids the use of potentially harmful toxin-protein conjugates usually mandatory for competitive immunoassays. The biochip is processed and analyzed on the automated and portable detection platform pBDi within 13.4 min. The fiveplex biochip assay revealed toxin group specificity to multiple congeners. Limits of detection were 1.2 ng/mL, 1.5 ng/mL, 0.4 ng/mL, 0.5 ng/mL and 0.6 ng/mL for saxitoxin, microcystin-LR, T-2 toxin, roridin A or aflatoxin B1, respectively. The robustness of the fiveplex biochip for real samples was demonstrated by detecting saxitoxin, microcystin-LR, HT-2 toxin, roridin A and aflatoxin B1 in contaminated human blood serum without elaborate sample preparation. Recovery rates were between 52–115% covering a wide concentration range. Thus, the developed robust fiveplex biochip assay can be used on-site to quickly detect one or multiple low molecular weight toxins in a single run.

Keywords: electrochemical biochip; multiplex on-site detection; anti-idiotypic antibodies as epitope-mimicking reagents; bioterrorism; low molecular weight toxins; saxitoxin; microcystins; trichothecenes; aflatoxins

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MDPI and ACS Style

Schulz, K.; Pöhlmann, C.; Dietrich, R.; Märtlbauer, E.; Elßner, T. An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins. Toxins 2019, 11, 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120696

AMA Style

Schulz K, Pöhlmann C, Dietrich R, Märtlbauer E, Elßner T. An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins. Toxins. 2019; 11(12):696. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120696

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schulz, Katharina, Christopher Pöhlmann, Richard Dietrich, Erwin Märtlbauer, and Thomas Elßner. 2019. "An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins" Toxins 11, no. 12: 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120696

APA Style

Schulz, K., Pöhlmann, C., Dietrich, R., Märtlbauer, E., & Elßner, T. (2019). An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins. Toxins, 11(12), 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120696

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An Electrochemical Fiveplex Biochip Assay Based on Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies for Fast On-Site Detection of Bioterrorism Relevant Low Molecular Weight Toxins

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