Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design, Participants, and Setting
2.2. Subject Recruitment
2.3. Study Instruments and Biochemical Measures
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Participants
3.2. Perceptions of Diet
3.3. Biomarker of O3 Status
3.4. Comparison of Dietary Perceptions and Biomarker Status
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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United States | Germany | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All 2 (n = 100) | Men (n = 46) | Women (n = 52) | p-Value | All (n = 100) | Men (n = 35) | Women (n = 65) | p-Value | |
Age in years, mean (SD) a | 29 (10) | 28 (8) | 31 (12) | 0.225 | 40 (14) | 41 (14) | 40 (15) | 0.722 |
Education% (n) b | ||||||||
High school and above | 100 (100) | 100 (46) | 100 (52) | 0.354 | 94 (93) | 97 (33) | 92 (60) | 0.347 |
Frequency of Exercise, % (n) b | ||||||||
1–2 days a week | 28 (28) | 30 (14) | 27 (14) | 0.367 | 67 (49) | 68 (19) | 67 (30) | 0.358 |
3–4 days a week | 51 (50) | 41 (19) | 58 (30) | 29 (21) | 32 (9) | 27 (12) | ||
Everyday | 21 (21) | 29 (13) | 15 (8) | 4 (3) | - | 6 (3) | ||
Tobacco Use% (n) b | ||||||||
Never | 82 (82) | 74 (34) | 90 (47) | 0.191 | 54 (54) | 60 (21) | 51 (33) | 0.538 |
Former | 14 (14) | 17 (8) | 10 (5) | 20 (20) | 14 (5) | 23 (15) | ||
Current | 3 (3) | 7 (3) | 0 | 26 (26) | 26 (9) | 26 (17) | ||
Use of alcohol, % (n) b | ||||||||
Every day | 2 (2) | 0 | 4 (2) | 0.244 | 5 (5) | 6 (2) | 5 (3) | 0.459 |
Some days | 85 (85) | 91 (42) | 81 (42) | 84 (84) | 88 (31) | 81 (53) | ||
Never | 13 (13) | 9 (4) | 15 (8) | 11 (11) | 6 (2) | 14 (9) | ||
Body Mass Index, kg/m2, Mean (SD) a | 25 (5) | 26 (4) | 24 (5) | 0.040 | 24 (4) | 25 (3) | 24 (3) | 0.036 |
United States | |||||||
By Sex 2 | Do you think you get enough amounts of O3 from your diet? | ||||||
All (n = 100) | Men (n = 46) | Women (n = 52) | p-value | Yes (n = 30) | No (n = 41) | Unsure (n = 29) | p-value |
4.3 (4.1–4.5) | 3.8 (3.6–4.1) | 4.8 (4.5–5.0) | <0.0001 | 4.4 (4.0–4.8) | 4.1 (3.8–4.4) | 4.5 (4.3–4.8) | 0.167 |
Germany | |||||||
By Sex | Do you think you get enough amounts of O3 from your diet? | ||||||
All (n = 100) | Men (n = 35) | Women (n = 65) | p-value | Yes (n = 24) | No (n = 40) | Unsure (n = 34) | p-value |
5.5 (5.2–5.7) | 5.3 (4.8–5.8) | 5.6 (5.3–5.9) | 0.369 | 5.7 (5.2–6.2) | 5.2 (4.8–5.6) | 5.6 (5.2–6.1) | 0.322 |
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Thuppal, S.V.; Von Schacky, C.; Harris, W.S.; Sherif, K.D.; Denby, N.; Steinbaum, S.R.; Haycock, B.; Bailey, R.L. Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index. Nutrients 2017, 9, 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090930
Thuppal SV, Von Schacky C, Harris WS, Sherif KD, Denby N, Steinbaum SR, Haycock B, Bailey RL. Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index. Nutrients. 2017; 9(9):930. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090930
Chicago/Turabian StyleThuppal, Sowmyanarayanan V., Clemens Von Schacky, William S. Harris, Katherine D. Sherif, Nigel Denby, Suzanne R. Steinbaum, Bryan Haycock, and Regan L. Bailey. 2017. "Discrepancy between Knowledge and Perceptions of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake Compared with the Omega-3 Index" Nutrients 9, no. 9: 930. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9090930