Leptin and Physical Activity in Adult Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Failure to Demonstrate a Simple Linear Association
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Design
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Ethics
2.4. Clinical Data
2.5. Body Composition
2.6. Physical Activity
2.7. Leptin Level Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Relationship between Leptin, BMI, Body Composition and Physical Activity
3.3. Potential Moderators with an Effect on the Association of Leptin and Physical Activity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AN | anorexia nervosa |
BMI | body mass index |
PA | physical activity |
SD | standard deviation |
References
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Measurement Parameters | All Patients | Restrictive Subtype | Purging Subtype | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
n (%) | 61 (100%) | 49 (80.3) | 12 (19.7) | |
Demographic parameters | ||||
Age (years) | 25 (21/30; 18–52) | 24 (19/32; 18–52) | 26 (21/29; 18–32) | 0.643 |
Height (m) | 1.67 ± 0.07 (1.53–1.84) | 1.67 ± 0.07 (1.53–1.84) | 1.69 ± 0.06 (1.55–1.80) | 0.233 |
Weight (kg) | 41 ± 7 (29–59) | 41 ± 7 (29–59) | 45 ± 4 (37–49) | 0.056 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 14.8 ± 2.0 (10.5–19.3) | 14.6 ± 2.1 (10.5–19.3) | 15.7 ± 1.6 (13.3–18.4) | 0.085 |
Duration of illness (months) | 44 (12/120; 1–312) | 33 (12/77; 1–312) | 84 (25/120; 4–180) | 0.243 |
Body composition | ||||
Fat-free mass (kg) | 37 ± 4 (30–48) | 37 ± 4 (30–48) | 40 ± 4 (32–48) | 0.016 |
Fat mass (kg) | 4.3 ± 4.7 (−3.5–17.2) | 4.1 ± 5.2 (−3.5–17.2) | 4.9 ± 2.3 (0.6–7.3) | 0.599 |
Fat mass (%) | 9.1 ± 10.2 (−10.7–29.5) | 8.6 ± 11.2 (−10.7–29.5) | 11.0 ± 5.1 (1.2–15.3) | 0.464 |
Physical activity | ||||
Steps | 12,841 ± 6408 (3956–37,750) | 13,069 ± 6717 (3956–37,750) | 11,908 ± 5091 (4534–18,505) | 0.578 |
Recumbent time (min) | 480 (445/533; 333–666) | 473 (443/527; 333–581) | 502 (464/569; 407–666) | 0.174 |
Leptin (ng/mL) | 0.4 (0.3/1.0; 0.2–8.8) | 0.4 (0.3/1.0; 0.2–8.8) | 0.5 (0.3/2.1; 0.3–4.9) | 0.246 |
Log leptin (ng/mL) | −0.46 ± 1.04 (−1.62–2.19) | −0.51 ± 1.05 (−1.62–2.19) | −0.27 ± 1.01 (−1.27–1.59) | 0.480 |
Reference | Subjects (n) | Mean Age (Year) (Range) | Mean BMI (kg/m2) (Range) | Mean Leptin (ng/mL) (Range) | Assessment of Physical Activity | Association Leptin-Physical Activity | Medication | Physical Activity Restriction |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Exner 2000 | 30 | 16.4 ± 3.5 (12–31) | 14.5 ± 1.4 (11.8–16.8) | 0.65 ± 0.56 (0.02–1.62) | patient ratings of motor restlessness | upon attainment of maximal leptin; motor restlessness was ranked lower compared to baseline | n.r. | n.r |
Holtkamp 2003 | 61 | 17.5 ± 4.6 (12–31) | 14.5 ± 1.5 (10.5–17.4) | 0.91 ± 1.37 (0.004–7.43) | self and expert rating | association of expert rating of motor restlessness and leptin | no | n.r. |
27 | 14.5 ± 1.3 (11.5–17.4) | 14.5 ± 1.3 (12.3–17.5) | 1.77 ± 1.06 (0.53–4.57) | SIAB-EX interview | association of expert rating of motor restlessness and leptin; leptin, but not BMI, explained the variance of PA | n.r. | ||
Holtkamp 2006 | 26 | 15.6 ± 1.9 | 15.2 ± 1.6 | 1.3 ± 0.76 | SIAB-EX interview | leptin predicted all types of activity and restlessness | n.r. | n.r. |
Van Elburg 2007 | 31 31 | 15.9 ±1.2 20.6 ± 2.9 | 15.4 ± 1.3 | 2.1 (0.5–13.3) | nurse evaluation | on admission: linear association between leptin/PA in adolescents, but not in adults | 57% on antipsychotics | n.r. |
Ehrlich 2009 | 36 | 18.2 ± 3.3 (14–29) | 15.3 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 2.3 | SIAB-EX interview | inverse association in acute. but not in recovered AN; when samples were split according to age (22 adolescents, 14 adults): linear association remained significant in both groups | n.r. | |
Nogueira 2010 | 24 | 22.8 ± 5.9 | 13.5 ± 1.2 | 0.75 ± 1.0 | SIAB-EX interview | leptin levels higher in high level PA patients | yes | n.r. |
Kostrzewa 2013 | 37 | 15.2 (13–17.5) | 15.7 ± 1.4 (12.6–18.4) | n.r. | accelerometry | no significant difference in leptin between high and low PA patients | n.r. | yes |
Haas 2017 | 61 | 25 (18–52) | 14.8 (10.5–19.3) | 1.2 | accelerometry | no association of leptin and steps | 15% | no |
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Stengel, A.; Haas, V.; Elbelt, U.; Correll, C.U.; Rose, M.; Hofmann, T. Leptin and Physical Activity in Adult Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Failure to Demonstrate a Simple Linear Association. Nutrients 2017, 9, 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111210
Stengel A, Haas V, Elbelt U, Correll CU, Rose M, Hofmann T. Leptin and Physical Activity in Adult Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Failure to Demonstrate a Simple Linear Association. Nutrients. 2017; 9(11):1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111210
Chicago/Turabian StyleStengel, Andreas, Verena Haas, Ulf Elbelt, Christoph U. Correll, Matthias Rose, and Tobias Hofmann. 2017. "Leptin and Physical Activity in Adult Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Failure to Demonstrate a Simple Linear Association" Nutrients 9, no. 11: 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111210
APA StyleStengel, A., Haas, V., Elbelt, U., Correll, C. U., Rose, M., & Hofmann, T. (2017). Leptin and Physical Activity in Adult Patients with Anorexia Nervosa: Failure to Demonstrate a Simple Linear Association. Nutrients, 9(11), 1210. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111210