Nutrients 2016, 8(3), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030116
Co-Ingestion of Whey Protein with a Carbohydrate-Rich Breakfast Does Not Affect Glycemia, Insulinemia or Subjective Appetite Following a Subsequent Meal in Healthy Males
Dean M. Allerton 1,*
, Matthew D. Campbell 1,2, Javier T. Gonzalez 1,3
, Penny L. S. Rumbold 1, Daniel J. West 1,4 and Emma J. Stevenson 1,4
, Penny L. S. Rumbold 1, Daniel J. West 1,4 and Emma J. Stevenson 1,41
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
2
School of Sport, Carnegie Faculty, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QT, UK
3
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
4
Institute of Cellular Medicine, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 19 January 2016 / Revised: 5 February 2016 / Accepted: 16 February 2016 / Published: 25 February 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dairy Products and Human Health)
Abstract
We aimed to assess postprandial metabolic and appetite responses to a mixed-macronutrient lunch following prior addition of whey protein to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast. Ten healthy males (age: 24 ± 1 years; body mass index (BMI): 24.5 ± 0.7 kg/m2) completed three trials in a non-isocaloric, crossover design. A carbohydrate-rich breakfast (93 g carbohydrate; 1799 kJ) was consumed with (CHO + WP) or without (CHO) 20 g whey protein isolate (373 kJ), or breakfast was omitted (NB). At 180 min, participants consumed a mixed-macronutrient lunch meal. Venous blood was sampled at 15 min intervals following each meal and every 30 min thereafter, while subjective appetite sensations were collected every 30 min throughout. Post-breakfast insulinemia was greater after CHO + WP (time-averaged area under the curve (AUC0––180 min): 193.1 ± 26.3 pmol/L), compared to CHO (154.7 ± 18.5 pmol/L) and NB (46.1 ± 8.0 pmol/L; p < 0.05), with no difference in post-breakfast (0–180 min) glycemia (CHO + WP, 3.8 ± 0.2 mmol/L; CHO, 4.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L; NB, 4.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L; p = 0.247). There were no post-lunch (0–180 min) effects of condition on glycemia (p = 0.492), insulinemia (p = 0.338) or subjective appetite (p > 0.05). Adding whey protein to a carbohydrate-rich breakfast enhanced the acute postprandial insulin response, without influencing metabolic or appetite responses following a subsequent mixed-macronutrient meal. View Full-TextKeywords:
whey protein; appetite; breakfast; glycemia; insulinemia
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Allerton, D.M.; Campbell, M.D.; Gonzalez, J.T.; Rumbold, P.L.S.; West, D.J.; Stevenson, E.J. Co-Ingestion of Whey Protein with a Carbohydrate-Rich Breakfast Does Not Affect Glycemia, Insulinemia or Subjective Appetite Following a Subsequent Meal in Healthy Males. Nutrients 2016, 8, 116.
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