Strawberry Phytochemicals Inhibit Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 Mice
by
Ni Shi 1, Steven K. Clinton 1,2, Zhihua Liu 3, Yongquan Wang 3, Kenneth M. Riedl 2,4, Steven J. Schwartz 2,4, Xiaoli Zhang 5, Zui Pan 6 and Tong Chen 1,2,*
Ni Shi 1, Steven K. Clinton 1,2, Zhihua Liu 3, Yongquan Wang 3, Kenneth M. Riedl 2,4, Steven J. Schwartz 2,4, Xiaoli Zhang 5, Zui Pan 6 and Tong Chen 1,2,*
1
Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
2
Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
3
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100021, China
4
Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univeristy, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
5
Center for Biostatistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
6
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2015, 7(3), 1696-1715; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031696
Received: 29 November 2014 / Revised: 16 January 2015 / Accepted: 26 February 2015 / Published: 10 March 2015
Human and experimental colon carcinogenesis are enhanced by a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Pharmacologically driven chemopreventive agents and dietary variables are hypothesized to have future roles in the prevention of colon cancer by targeting these processes. The current study was designed to determine the ability of dietary lyophilized strawberries to inhibit inflammation-promoted colon carcinogenesis in a preclinical animal model. Mice were given a single i.p. injection of azoxymethane (10 mg kg−1 body weight). One week after injection, mice were administered 2% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for seven days and then an experimental diet containing chemically characterized lyophilized strawberries for the duration of the bioassay. Mice fed control diet, or experimental diet containing 2.5%, 5.0% or 10.0% strawberries displayed tumor incidence of 100%, 64%, 75% and 44%, respectively (p < 0.05). The mechanistic studies demonstrate that strawberries reduced expression of proinflammatory mediators, suppressed nitrosative stress and decreased phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor kappa B. In conclusion, strawberries target proinflammatory mediators and oncogenic signaling for the preventive efficacies against colon carcinogenesis in mice. This works supports future development of fully characterized and precisely controlled functional foods for testing in human clinical trials for this disease.
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Keywords:
strawberry; phytochemicals; chemoprevention; colorectal cancer; colitis
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MDPI and ACS Style
Shi, N.; Clinton, S.K.; Liu, Z.; Wang, Y.; Riedl, K.M.; Schwartz, S.J.; Zhang, X.; Pan, Z.; Chen, T. Strawberry Phytochemicals Inhibit Azoxymethane/Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colorectal Carcinogenesis in Crj: CD-1 Mice. Nutrients 2015, 7, 1696-1715.
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