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Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes—The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study
by
Sandra Amalie Lacoppidan 1,
Cecilie Kyrø 1,*,
Steffen Loft 2,
Anne Helnæs 1,
Jane Christensen 1,
Camilla Plambeck Hansen 3,
Christina Catherine Dahm 3,
Kim Overvad 3,
Anne Tjønneland 1
and
Anja Olsen 1
Sandra Amalie Lacoppidan 1,
Cecilie Kyrø 1,*,
Steffen Loft 2,
Anne Helnæs 1,
Jane Christensen 1,
Camilla Plambeck Hansen 3,
Christina Catherine Dahm 3,
Kim Overvad 3,
Anne Tjønneland 1 and
Anja Olsen 1
1
Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Strandboulevarden 49, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
2
Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 København K, Denmark
3
Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2015, 7(10), 8633-8644; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7105418
Received: 28 August 2015 / Revised: 9 October 2015 / Accepted: 10 October 2015 / Published: 21 October 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Pattern and Health)
Background: Type-2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Lifestyle factors, in particular obesity, diet, and physical activity play a significant role in the etiology of the disease. Of dietary patterns, particularly the Mediterranean diet has been studied, and generally a protective association has been identified. However, other regional diets are less explored. Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between adherence to a healthy Nordic food index and the risk of T2D. The index consists of six food items: fish, cabbage, rye bread, oatmeal, apples and pears, and root vegetables. Methods: Data was obtained from a prospective cohort study of 57,053 Danish men and women aged 50–64 years, at baseline, of whom 7366 developed T2D (median follow-up: 15.3 years). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association between the healthy Nordic food index and risk of T2D, adjusted for potential confounders. Results: Greater adherence to the healthy Nordic food index was significantly associated with lower risk of T2D after adjusting for potential confounders. An index score of 5−6 points (high adherence) was associated with a statistically significantly 25% lower T2D risk in women (HR: 0.75, 95%CI: 0.61–0.92) and 38% in men (HR: 0.62; 95%CI: 0.53–0.71) compared to those with an index score of 0 points (poor adherence). Conclusion: Adherence to a healthy Nordic food index was found to be inversely associated with risk of T2D, suggesting that regional diets other than the Mediterranean may also be recommended for prevention of T2D.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lacoppidan, S.A.; Kyrø, C.; Loft, S.; Helnæs, A.; Christensen, J.; Hansen, C.P.; Dahm, C.C.; Overvad, K.; Tjønneland, A.; Olsen, A. Adherence to a Healthy Nordic Food Index Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Type-2 Diabetes—The Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort Study. Nutrients 2015, 7, 8633-8644.
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