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Reply published on 21 July 2017, see Nutrients 2017, 9(7), 786.
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Article

Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet

by
Peter Clarys
1,2,*,
Tom Deliens
1,
Inge Huybrechts
3,4,
Peter Deriemaeker
1,2,
Barbara Vanaelst
4,
Willem De Keyzer
4,5,
Marcel Hebbelinck
1 and
Patrick Mullie
1,2,6
1
Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Department of Human Biometrics and Biomechanics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, Brussels 1050, Belgium
2
Erasmus University College, Laerbeeklaan 121, Brussels 1090, Belgium
3
International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon 69372 CEDEX 08, France
4
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent 9000, Belgium
5
Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bio- and food sciences, University College Ghent, Keramiekstraat 80, Ghent 9000, Belgium
6
International Prevention Research Institute (iPRI), 15 chemin du Saquin, Ecully 69130, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Nutrients 2014, 6(3), 1318-1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318
Submission received: 14 January 2014 / Revised: 6 March 2014 / Accepted: 11 March 2014 / Published: 24 March 2014
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vegan diets and Human health)
Versions Notes

Abstract

The number of studies comparing nutritional quality of restrictive diets is limited. Data on vegan subjects are especially lacking. It was the aim of the present study to compare the quality and the contributing components of vegan, vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian and omnivorous diets. Dietary intake was estimated using a cross-sectional online survey with a 52-items food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010) and the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) were calculated as indicators for diet quality. After analysis of the diet questionnaire and the FFQ, 1475 participants were classified as vegans (n = 104), vegetarians (n = 573), semi-vegetarians (n = 498), pesco-vegetarians (n = 145), and omnivores (n = 155). The most restricted diet, i.e., the vegan diet, had the lowest total energy intake, better fat intake profile, lowest protein and highest dietary fiber intake in contrast to the omnivorous diet. Calcium intake was lowest for the vegans and below national dietary recommendations. The vegan diet received the highest index values and the omnivorous the lowest for HEI-2010 and MDS. Typical aspects of a vegan diet (high fruit and vegetable intake, low sodium intake, and low intake of saturated fat) contributed substantially to the total score, independent of the indexing system used. The score for the more prudent diets (vegetarians, semi-vegetarians and pesco-vegetarians) differed as a function of the used indexing system but they were mostly better in terms of nutrient quality than the omnivores.
Keywords: vegan; vegetarian; omnivore; diet quality; dietary pattern analysis vegan; vegetarian; omnivore; diet quality; dietary pattern analysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Clarys, P.; Deliens, T.; Huybrechts, I.; Deriemaeker, P.; Vanaelst, B.; De Keyzer, W.; Hebbelinck, M.; Mullie, P. Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet. Nutrients 2014, 6, 1318-1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318

AMA Style

Clarys P, Deliens T, Huybrechts I, Deriemaeker P, Vanaelst B, De Keyzer W, Hebbelinck M, Mullie P. Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet. Nutrients. 2014; 6(3):1318-1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clarys, Peter, Tom Deliens, Inge Huybrechts, Peter Deriemaeker, Barbara Vanaelst, Willem De Keyzer, Marcel Hebbelinck, and Patrick Mullie. 2014. "Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet" Nutrients 6, no. 3: 1318-1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318

APA Style

Clarys, P., Deliens, T., Huybrechts, I., Deriemaeker, P., Vanaelst, B., De Keyzer, W., Hebbelinck, M., & Mullie, P. (2014). Comparison of Nutritional Quality of the Vegan, Vegetarian, Semi-Vegetarian, Pesco-Vegetarian and Omnivorous Diet. Nutrients, 6(3), 1318-1332. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031318

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