Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention

Ruiz-Martínez, Mónica L.; Gómez-Díaz, Rita A.; Valdez González, Adriana Leticia; Ángeles Mejía, Selene; Mondragón González, Rafael; Díaz Flores, Margarita; Saldaña Espinoza, Ricardo César; Ramírez-García, Luz Angélica; Díaz Velázquez, Mary Flor; Wacher, Niels H.

doi:10.3390/nu17040680

Open AccessArticle

Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention

by

Mónica L. Ruiz-Martínez

¹

,

Rita A. Gómez-Díaz

^1,*

,

Adriana Leticia Valdez González

¹,

Selene Ángeles Mejía

¹,

Rafael Mondragón González

¹

,

Margarita Díaz Flores

¹,

Ricardo César Saldaña Espinoza

¹

,

Luz Angélica Ramírez-García

²,

Mary Flor Díaz Velázquez

³ and

Niels H. Wacher

¹

Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica UMAE HE CMN SXXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtemoc 330, Mexico City 06720, Mexico

²

Servicio de Endocrinología, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 4 “Luis Castelazo Ayala”, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Rio de la Magdalena 289, Mexico City 01090, Mexico

³

Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia No. 3, Centro Médico Nacional “La Raza”, Dr. Víctor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Eje vial 1 Poniente, Mexico City 02990, Mexico

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Nutrients 2025, 17(4), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040680

Submission received: 27 January 2025 / Revised: 10 February 2025 / Accepted: 11 February 2025 / Published: 14 February 2025

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Diabetes)

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Abstract

Background/Objective: This study is aimed to assess the link between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during an educational intervention. Methods: The study used a prospective cohort. Pregnant women with GDM who were 18–40 years old (n = 201) participated in an 18-month postpartum educational intervention emphasizing healthy practices (nutrition, breastfeeding, physical activity, and psychosocial support). GDM women were tested with an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after the third month postpartum, and were classified as follows: (1) incident hyperglycemia (IHypergly) (n = 86) if they had a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) of 100–125 mg/dL, and impaired glucose tolerance of 2 h (140–199 mg/dL), or type 2 diabetes (T2D) with an FPG ≥ 126 or ≥200 mg/dL (2 h); and (2) without incident hyperglycemia (n = 115) if they had an FPG < 100 mg/dL and <140 mg/dL 2 h post-OGTT. Participants were evaluated at the end of pregnancy and post-intervention. Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric, dietary, and oxidative stress markers data (malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, antioxidant capacity, carbonylated proteins, and adiponectin) were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified an association between oxidative stress markers and incident hyperglycemia in women with GDM. Results: A total of 6% progressed to T2D, and 36.8% to prediabetes. At baseline, Ihypergly women exhibited elevated oxidative stress markers and adiponectin, and lower antioxidant capacity. Post-intervention, they showed higher antioxidant capacity, GSH, and adiponectin, and lower MDA. Basal malondialdehyde, pregestational BMI, HbA1c, and sugary food consumption positively correlated with Ihypergly. A high intake of antioxidants inversely correlated with incident hyperglycemia. Conclusions: Higher concentrations of plasma markers of oxidative stress are associated with postpartum incident hyperglycemia in women with gestational diabetes.

Keywords: oxidative stress markers; incident hyperglycemia; gestational diabetes mellitus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ruiz-Martínez, M.L.; Gómez-Díaz, R.A.; Valdez González, A.L.; Ángeles Mejía, S.; Mondragón González, R.; Díaz Flores, M.; Saldaña Espinoza, R.C.; Ramírez-García, L.A.; Díaz Velázquez, M.F.; Wacher, N.H. Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention. Nutrients 2025, 17, 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040680

AMA Style

Ruiz-Martínez ML, Gómez-Díaz RA, Valdez González AL, Ángeles Mejía S, Mondragón González R, Díaz Flores M, Saldaña Espinoza RC, Ramírez-García LA, Díaz Velázquez MF, Wacher NH. Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention. Nutrients. 2025; 17(4):680. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040680

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ruiz-Martínez, Mónica L., Rita A. Gómez-Díaz, Adriana Leticia Valdez González, Selene Ángeles Mejía, Rafael Mondragón González, Margarita Díaz Flores, Ricardo César Saldaña Espinoza, Luz Angélica Ramírez-García, Mary Flor Díaz Velázquez, and Niels H. Wacher. 2025. "Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention" Nutrients 17, no. 4: 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040680

APA Style

Ruiz-Martínez, M. L., Gómez-Díaz, R. A., Valdez González, A. L., Ángeles Mejía, S., Mondragón González, R., Díaz Flores, M., Saldaña Espinoza, R. C., Ramírez-García, L. A., Díaz Velázquez, M. F., & Wacher, N. H. (2025). Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention. Nutrients, 17(4), 680. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17040680

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Association of Oxidative Stress Markers with Incident Hyperglycemia in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in an Educational Intervention

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